MPWR Financial Ratios


* All Per Share Items In USD
Period Ending: LTM
(Last Twelve Months)
2023
12-31
2022
12-31
2021
12-31
2020
12-31
2019
12-31
2018
12-31
2017
12-31
2016
12-31
2015
12-31
2014
12-31
2013
12-31
2012
12-31
2011
12-31
2010
12-31
2009
12-31
2008
12-31
2007
12-31
2006
12-31
2005
12-31
2004
12-31
2003
12-31
2002
12-31
2001
12-31
2000
12-31
1999
12-31
Price Ratios
Price to Earnings Ratio 70.26968369624731 37.75232244694657 93.46084392805642 99.90420197718632 70.60183665781568 49.25506801687123 71.25570909313988 62.83993702579667 71.49532867053338 54.21162529933793 56.59155472093632 49.30984259964458 38.57856552138937 20.02204106484457 41.80190606892345 17.441942128291917 73.26051124744376 -114.48383513796716 82.17936557665948 -19.080458995399937 -19.908741490213128 -17.819178632586343 -15.649313422174252 -29.74712414223331 -35.575384615384614
Price to Sales Ratio 16.49107547642268 9.209460128149964 18.72802722806297 19.44663900375628 12.237579727386088 8.903061049276936 9.86578868576792 8.523848249778087 7.549933496863995 6.81063103686269 5.442597242230911 3.633669982648389 2.6111139380925 2.7047687808444527 4.984065621060797 2.6325204503118167 5.0794260619086 3.1211466933295244 4.233690974569004 1.784379250114702 2.4973679297312534 4.726525941655802 6.87654894281984 9.07932977913176 77.08
Price to Book Ratio 14.649916809548927 9.90238203597982 18.183236799479094 16.98942071432784 9.934483142014582 8.100358072967522 8.90042853831462 7.684524536319692 6.823675769844457 5.5545692141156096 4.006918450582716 3.007912998366203 2.112729900319915 2.397422386034549 3.8618627234606047 2.5664216344255824 4.9571652987058386 3.4519253938832253 5.3690771159553785 1.3373881395877731 49.104077985377735 29.144210197679175 0 28.099375368296997 0
Price to Free Cash Flows Ratio 51.72171122994652 87.96809083697579 100.633859333013 77.4012235817575 64.29459904949965 43.59875972251419 68.2765988713849 46.87609983869599 46.816981307715224 29.776881557364366 28.846298472908593 201.64180638463534 22.641905308211623 23.018145051526346 38.25166046511628 12.29875978694298 38.475123509128935 75.43549367088607 27.371683297462987 -811.8031658637302 -13.177449073109225 -16.832071321888865 -19.278891062068965 0 0
Price to Operating Cash Flow Ratio 47.055506233812224 66.98368887681718 70.68427183525515 61.32027348461369 35.52532003717008 36.655679351860364 34.718661495579916 30.736101905627823 36.05933377308707 25.956613653838374 21.353086708631313 31.186812780989086 11.746217237037884 12.205872891491731 25.89128258405742 10.673111644354634 27.96021237265856 27.73222946103731 24.384987507989077 27.272289376383643 -20.471008014044898 -24.519186163193226 -23.2953267 0 0
Price Earnings to Growth Ratio -16.882741954713822 0.4873649450363764 2.1304428398507262 2.18920512158704 10.413770907027807 0.9977308649571357 3.30830077932435 1.3640864378770496 -21.925234125630215 1.0667448849224557 1.5916374765263346 3.2051397689769 -0.7277320314262087 0.43894474642159237 -2.0064914913083256 0.18438624535622886 -0.15216851372595386 0.7439382788748768 -0.6010132706352708 0 1.8249679699362027 1.4032603173161757 -0.1721424476439168 -1.665838951965065 0
EV to EBITDA
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio 7.7413959623034865 5.355425208807897 4.95651790750141 5.7290857255611725 6.6704606770170525 7.220502492572011 6.932170692183039 7.236900285330965 7.668784511239979 8.359675537831313 7.5888175842448495 9.134739982949702 8.112965093977753 7.745012081463583 8.506772009029346 5.5346186538907345 5.0552835577315385 4.82854587019183 3.939327255580006 7.283633786382029 6.78484504445613 8.022252237055536 0 0 0
Quick Ratio 5.921156423511392 3.4950151860288536 3.6568272349125777 4.50405187488518 5.172827691524561 5.376682952299258 5.2029786248938965 5.715538255135012 6.140817410992769 7.17148205420363 6.4971550313076465 7.672975277067349 7.2610280015343305 6.767897825336555 7.572610985703537 4.416312495170389 4.049979600163199 4.355730046715038 3.2982440382629004 6.399861196570549 6.118446374512233 7.410294732516671 0 0 0
Cash Ratio 2.387078520220393 1.0956985573272588 0.8339722574732092 2.2790112200532087 1.7608551794349707 2.147018237422146 1.2772436144764256 2.1296460762268286 2.0992075410669315 3.425463226716584 2.6296604224583646 3.2013640238704175 3.6966244725738395 1.65723161891612 1.9528885544686898 3.217139324627154 2.8258533931728547 2.525395089951297 1.1268244487357975 3.865272668822478 4.192844660254554 6.884644441477604 0 0 0
Debt Ratio 0.0032203548693541975 0.0018442020802521754 0.0016010593854933553 0.00256435505105127 0.0024645144425565284 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Debt to Equity Ratio 0.003838162991112498 0.002275557622488766 0.0020410213949525113 0.0032061262979949036 0.003047223561747971 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Long Term Debt to Capitalization 0.002707365202260548 0.0009962485017356516 0 0.0017484611889122981 0.0014239717839280965 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Debt to Capitalization 0.003823487821658439 0.0022703912164501413 0.0020368641117218763 0.0031958799033914072 0.0030379661995648633 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Interest Coverage Ratio 0 36.661215115874455 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.06353591160221 130.33333333333334 45.52447552447553 34.51993865030675 0 -4.523809523809524 0 0.05938427586503146 0 0 0 0 0
Cash Flow to Debt Ratio 81.1150228774784 64.96549907821965 126.03781016148089 86.41594062600839 91.77047093763258 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Margins
Gross Profit Margin 0.5607241229341838 0.5844289322842932 0.5675278481997817 0.5517826945758907 0.5515423118513316 0.5540487171650222 0.5484542255838991 0.5425572150823974 0.5409392104291328 0.5401737837790008 0.5371937620489645 0.5291913962200615 0.5169678249940209 0.5550036556388229 0.591959177736837 0.6188174019226097 0.6359735530282679 0.6371280293291435 0.6368139129031282 0.5904853234808779 0.5484306093814367 0.44033317163161406 0.2651245855808264 0.2663747143945164 0.16666666666666666
Operating Profit Margin 0.26453429628262914 0.29361290149976477 0.21726894729085494 0.18814805341215368 0.16333583364786333 0.19486866008908243 0.16440694881818704 0.14008722164331752 0.12330852351028472 0.12494027288654502 0.10044478791722493 0.08081360815291867 0.06827329672957831 0.1393620910254067 0.11835789779889459 0.14022091943854315 0.07216202501417868 0.011760224729800504 0.06520664575158124 -0.11618322237323936 -0.13245984778509268 -0.26993173052273295 -0.41828124356193547 -0.31073876618431073 -2.1666666666666665
Pretax Profit Margin 0.277771005210118 0.2925828861387132 0.2253845427795045 0.20053478468876856 0.18015005072294127 0.20344378775442923 0.17612846097819418 0.14733510864111768 0.1275749323709644 0.12880528076167555 0.10083119479526735 0.08367124543409428 0.06984566377805708 0.14357521476878085 0.12210317075535732 0.15850627059827677 0.10650428345422525 0.0342712945769652 0.08126620330673553 -0.11455027907425394 0 0 0 -0.30521706016755523 -2.1666666666666665
Net Profit Margin 0.2346826484620048 0.24394420081286494 0.20038367342883495 0.19465286363227277 0.17333231409683703 0.1807542128705901 0.13845611546538864 0.135643806362806 0.10560037469938481 0.1256304528642469 0.09617331188495155 0.07369056137840076 0.06768302301558628 0.13508956315116066 0.11923058275962378 0.15093046582477213 0.06933375123130653 -0.02726277198495453 0.051517688714932765 -0.09351867533925122 -0.1254407733888617 -0.26524937198913845 -0.4394153760813642 -0.30521706016755523 -2.1666666666666665
Operating Cash Flow Margin 0.35046005869070523 0.13748810020132118 0.2649532454930377 0.317132294079474 0.3444748622836312 0.24288353692250103 0.28416385484860773 0.2773236591923636 0.20937529085739506 0.26238519121524767 0.254885736966118 0.11651302773919266 0.22229402754949903 0.221595686346189 0.19249975758751092 0.24664976232158545 0.18166621891883825 0.11254582678664952 0.17361874691065357 0.0654282897005295 -0.12199535694665554 -0.1927684675256876 -0.2951900624265484 None None
Free Cash Flow Margin 0.3188424180922006 0.10469091736021778 0.18610065590438135 0.2512445941273157 0.19033604545794772 0.20420445686851585 0.1444973658449575 0.18183782949326543 0.16126485061564189 0.2287221052259012 0.1886757584285 0.018020419712552558 0.11532218258794315 0.11750594041308718 0.13029671288664793 0.21404763536455446 0.13201844721053102 0.04137504166071514 0.1546741180861688 -0.0021980442121289153 -0.1895183138918403 -0.28080477151432365 -0.35668799209874597 0 0
Return
Return on Assets 0.17492322597043478 0.2125771959094364 0.1526164614632762 0.13601673491982977 0.11380368579270683 0.1326742556387945 0.10008949308232289 0.1031448214334626 0.08155164218556175 0.08887837221996865 0.062069675908356554 0.05486798392544975 0.04856737029287939 0.10498112591130065 0.08135769846291264 0.12404569403837193 0.05386118180395249 -0.024401885329037646 0.05067725130240635 -0.061864740696945544 -0.13432619302144058 -0.1497867587059591 0 -0.368844914864243 0
Return on Equity 0.2084813256435832 0.26229861884379857 0.19455459671941383 0.17005711850045574 0.14071139806410157 0.1644573522909952 0.12490828667048526 0.12228727303092439 0.09544226030891467 0.10246085011185682 0.07080417688366383 0.061000255522776374 0.05476434573878959 0.11973916037181798 0.09238484764529929 0.1471408181238422 0.06766490179085129 -0.030152076838823826 0.06533364036434347 -0.07009203184840579 -2.4664581640942322 -1.6355529510424507 0 -0.9446081319976429 0
Return on Capital Employed 0.21816034424823405 0.29339426394539636 0.19311256835587517 0.14967377030339457 0.1195152362640564 0.15917126816111798 0.13197602667339411 0.1188267260287426 0.10584996984551626 0.09737796720045241 0.07237779909750952 0.06552472108668118 0.05414512685787157 0.12072057094678842 0.08962868117797695 0.13284971401925427 0.0675812617498445 0.012705107761946402 0.082335558159678 -0.08685823062096446 -0.16267241471601704 -0.17238327691046096 0 -0.37551771744132534 0
Return on Invested Capital 0.24710190081793357 0.29147203047283204 0.19947426396196274 0.21225773984428042 0.14401927209382642 0.18662413686397814 0.12078691304870648 0.14508319473702083 0.11440915370490336 0.14574187968788338 0.09951855504264537 0.08068952395876518 0.0858608667528522 0.14023590939855538 0.11140504849409553 0.2487641267078671 0.1049659216041837 -0.021178317183406896 0.0767128741563237 -0.1426580233657182 -0.42332949276810994 -1.7441142979957684 0 -0.37551771744132534 0
Turnover Ratios
Receivables Turnover Ratio 7.284317137268549 9.819433650404457 11.52336065182754 12.633364750235627 11.91410519125683 10.547723403484623 12.380813418513553 11.34854590049054 10.803340901719105 11.023605150214593 10.033333333333333 11.030954960532425 13.017089487977744 11.92783561345179 10.63127375813414 17.6095447065277 16.264595217866248 11.469528178243774 10.394358813043935 11.911677964752775 5.300869274607291 9.281592933409275 0 0 0
Payables Turnover Ratio 12.706137424949967 12.131205154488212 6.291194430727354 9.916371924860488 10.32584063657365 11.452244466002293 9.803420773592734 10.202100189361335 11.336694594794988 9.888643629167301 10.30390873386946 10.210467593062177 10.660938903863432 10.845639826261277 8.64646205213818 13.090286692340607 7.926714332141697 6.448976138094432 5.469087042381893 5.7392232399639465 6.097898918216257 4.293823770857612 0 0 0
Inventory Turnover Ratio 2.0848288515566766 1.666918553958282 2.01351106519619 2.40986362073576 2.2085960784313725 1.9042849601126233 2.141859973207361 2.4876799731352053 2.418927684348748 3.175057431937045 2.772982359010494 3.1345165810368987 4.721697174691604 3.7761448679669627 3.4324021207177813 3.239476888865357 2.789557957339738 5.655535767289997 5.839902676399027 3.6104775510158715 6.836533325327099 5.391139712033538 0 0 0
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio 4.826499375839833 5.0234154727472795 3.327615563061698 2.999531130118496 2.7502398002759345 3.882520783194779 3.2814150535836224 4.56334902725106 5.095962300524794 4.488815099615519 3.672147076514953 3.598818420521107 4.111792275180985 5.873007353335838 9.183437221727516 11.333121513803572 9.453544973544973 9.245905969360804 15.891471625521 11.385828190038755 11.26363831390238 8.314804596385674 0 0 0
Asset Turnover Ratio 0.7453607120798916 0.8714172962550119 0.7616212381567954 0.698765650716472 0.6565635864592864 0.7340036701317819 0.7228968741893047 0.7604093706835496 0.772266598652863 0.7074588222332396 0.645393973565225 0.7445727498763764 0.7175709377179433 0.7771224028153109 0.6823559575057584 0.8218731278705984 0.7768392860248465 0.8950625175790738 0.9836864301662118 0.6615228506233981 1.0708335845876398 0.5647016525720281 0 1.2084675563736769 0
Per Share Items ()
Revenue Per Share 38.24977945809704 38.396387527553664 26.341802796013177 18.832560214094556 14.546994092436003 13.057306847226581 11.388851269649335 9.611855772084281 8.438484925259692 7.30328801116683 6.368283093053735 6.1315419689713515 5.771483113069016 6.107730951716438 4.809326726901778 4.790086245486287 4.22685550263382 3.5595891803945494 3.540645760411458 5.211896517739817 3.94014829887677 2.0818673422012024 1.4309503330554276 0.0 0.0
Operating Cash Flow Per Share 13.40501995379122 5.279046375757057 6.979346142941266 5.972413024085638 5.011073786632688 3.171404869736783 3.236299879081016 2.665595014343654 1.7668102356219915 1.9162746213100346 1.6231845293818707 0.714404519514783 1.2829662261380324 1.3534468322634663 0.9257942290877296 1.1814736339490883 0.7678768570797716 0.40061690732831673 0.6147224801771555 0.3410054752518616 -0.48067979814422923 -0.40131837714790203 -0.422402318143922 None None
Free Cash Flow Per Share 12.195652173913043 4.019753033578017 4.902226778041919 4.731578947368421 2.768817328854396 2.6663602529034574 1.645659008464329 1.7477989909981204 1.3608310108943502 1.6704234089851626 1.2015406424693076 0.11049295976599467 0.6655800293685756 0.7176946692715601 0.6266394637132031 1.0253066340386165 0.5580229000410056 0.14727815063385533 0.5476462604471748 -0.011455978975032852 -0.7467302620869282 -0.5845982833499408 -0.5104028010905723 None None
Cash & Short Term Investments 23.979836168872087 15.79114858647035 15.813875378944843 13.271922390722569 10.55014479323526 8.458835926640061 7.233131801692866 6.633297062023939 5.952951608816823 6.170656051284703 6.053949233690855 4.606263083937943 5.115947136563877 4.960061401060564 4.827484698338677 3.139096959025933 3.497429265369208 2.6604975933834996 2.2824844631759413 5.367782851511169 2.1394431059742796 2.937752076050852 None 0.18654560462236897 None
Earnings Per Share 8.9765595463138 9.366576069510133 5.278467209003076 3.665811775200713 2.5214641491949497 2.360163221380207 1.5768561064087063 1.3037887031358195 0.8911071700025336 0.9175153802409141 0.6124588760799208 0.45183676980872356 0.39063142437591775 0.8250907061121965 0.573418828329933 0.7229699483720792 0.29306374791029244 -0.09704426818520778 0.18240588613472392 -0.48740965834428385 -0.4942552498779098 -0.5522140050835657 -0.6287815787533041 -0.0 -0.0
EBITDA Per Share
EBIT Per Share 10.118378491913465 11.273674749074411 5.723255763233082 3.543309545049063 2.3760454071585775 2.544459889691045 1.8724062877871828 1.3464981699475715 1.0405371167975679 0.9124747970842164 0.6396608446786316 0.4955120300536262 0.3940381791483113 0.8511861568518001 0.5692218012241329 0.6716702975320062 0.3050184525123805 0.04186156870720629 0.2308736338309879 -0.6055349321068769 -0.5219114439199088 -0.5619620543991333 -0.59853968478579 -0.0 -0.0
Dividend Per Share 3.90346565847511 2.952575598690265 2.3852042485441975 1.9800624442462085 1.5589945557743543 1.0644141518317565 0.8204594921402661 0.8185527747551685 0.7591841905244491 0.30134932533733133 0.0 1.0227409595365777 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
Enterprise Value Per Share 606.9654232304138 337.9001106426691 477.57149964013877 353.02719000892057 167.524459631646 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Price Per Share 630.78 353.61 493.33000000000004 366.22999999999996 178.02 116.25 112.36000000000001 81.93 63.71000000000001 49.74 34.66 22.28 15.07 16.52 23.97 12.61 21.470000000000002 11.11 14.989999999999998 9.3 9.84 9.84 9.839999999999998 0 0
Dividend Ratios
Dividend Payout Ratio 0.4348509736202951 0.31522464311173665 0.4518744086305847 0.5401429657794676 0.6182893999393599 0.45099175437929856 0.5203134825084735 0.6278262518968134 0.8519561014443308 0.32844062544020286 0 2.2635186595582635 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None None
Dividend Yield 0.0061883155117079015 0.00834980797683964 0.004834906145063543 0.005406609082396878 0.008757412401833245 0.009156250768445217 0.007302060271807281 0.009990879711402032 0.011916248477859817 0.006058490658169106 0 0.04590399279787153 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None None
Effective Tax Rate 0.155121866357215 0.16623899629860345 0.11092539462712007 0.029331175963434944 0.0378447666195191 0.11152748940767374 0.21389130015432098 0.07935177423861414 0.17224824080393494 0.02464827434601011 0.04619485983254884 0.11928451648965903 0.030963135654961386 0.05910248249522597 0.023525908278737344 0.04779498467101643 0.34900504484304934 1.7954987496526813 0.3660625620655412 0.18360150586250062 0 0 0 0 0
Short Term Coverage Ratio 277.1224489795918 115.64650726676044 126.03781016148089 190.47155049786628 172.49043062200957 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Capital Expenditure Coverage Ratio -11.084320400152837 -4.192070424689428 -3.36010836010836 -4.813224536745808 -2.234835256801017 -6.279454852170825 -2.0345886610007144 -2.9043436085363226 -4.351972041937095 -7.794448533277258 -3.8496574473483887 -1.1829621539484305 -2.0780610788697556 -2.128890644892225 -3.094699922057677 -7.565450028664246 -3.6591011573726138 -1.5813486754080814 -9.164536741214057 -0.9674972146949773 1.8067241493243789 2.189647438522302 4.8 0 0
EBIT Per Revenue 0.26453429628262914 0.29361290149976477 0.21726894729085494 0.18814805341215368 0.16333583364786333 0.19486866008908243 0.16440694881818704 0.14008722164331752 0.12330852351028472 0.12494027288654502 0.10044478791722493 0.08081360815291867 0.06827329672957831 0.1393620910254067 0.11835789779889459 0.14022091943854315 0.07216202501417868 0.011760224729800504 0.06520664575158124 -0.11618322237323936 -0.13245984778509268 -0.26993173052273295 -0.41828124356193547 -0.31073876618431073 -2.1666666666666665
Days of Sales Outstanding 50.10764813252853 37.17118654648334 31.67478750585777 28.891748731721872 30.6359557969872 34.60462376927858 29.481100123373164 32.162710817799386 33.78584489006716 33.110765037959894 36.37873754152824 33.08870368031878 28.04006228405396 30.60069000182782 34.33266871909241 20.72739563020603 22.441382346795617 31.823453792315384 35.1152010975376 30.642198444253825 68.85663107152187 39.32514629963735 None 0 None
Days of Inventory Outstanding 175.0743231164831 218.9669070113037 181.27538820574378 151.46085316170758 165.26335601357974 191.67299413970753 170.4126341431299 146.72305278077755 150.8933079569386 114.9585504591393 131.62723477629547 116.44538816867828 77.3027126678957 96.659427210088 106.3395217585029 112.6725124215481 130.84510362641194 64.53853622693993 62.50104157986835 101.0946598732627 53.38963223477541 67.7036803897486 None 0 None
Days of Payables Outstanding 28.72627516866616 30.087694944715366 58.01759968143294 36.807816685953426 35.34821162232418 31.87148170680056 37.231901846260925 35.776947219222464 32.19633350338134 36.91102781006335 35.423450403847895 35.74762827199125 34.23713457993153 33.65407720033271 42.21379771275806 27.883270135983263 46.046821508374165 56.59813157687564 66.7387439935561 63.59745643946983 59.856682587773854 85.00581753663775 None 0 None
Cash Conversion Cycle 196.4556960803455 226.05039861307168 154.9325760301686 143.54478520747602 160.55110018824274 194.40613620218556 162.66183242024215 143.1088163793545 152.4828193436244 111.15828768703582 132.58252191397582 113.7864635770058 71.10564037201814 93.60604001158312 98.45839276483724 105.51663791577086 107.2396644648334 39.763858442379664 30.87749868384985 68.1394018780467 62.38958071852344 22.0230091527482 0 0 0
Cash Conversion Ratio 1.4933360475836153 0.5636047085488677 1.3222297054412184 1.6292197718631178 1.987366660847674 1.3437226887563172 2.0523748907258867 2.044499241274659 1.9827135221198682 2.0885476827722216 2.650275133199406 1.5811119573495809 3.2843395233441095 1.6403612623887969 1.6145166209210124 1.634194666886816 2.6201700570444517 -4.1281872162067765 3.370080281965929 -0.699628063198926 0.9725335204086674 0.7267442937945247 0.671779092163333 0 0
Free Cash Flow to Earnings 1.3586109590195004 0.4291592790948473 0.9287216504216541 1.2907315589353612 1.098099027003188 1.1297355321655203 1.0436329616735425 1.3405538694992416 1.5271238485158647 1.8205944499225242 1.9618307275744604 0.24454176186849452 1.7038568528682054 0.8698372966207759 1.0928128494459692 1.4181870717411047 1.9041007426541814 -1.5176388403772267 3.002349716075974 0.02350379968658904 1.5108190803666415 1.0586444348898296 0.8117330696973607 -0.0 -0.0

Disclaimer: The data contained in this website is not necessarily real-time nor accurate. All derived (stocks, indexes, futures) and Forex prices are not provided by exchanges but rather by our third party API www.financialmodellingprep.com, and so prices may not be accurate and may differ from the actual market price, meaning prices are indicative and not appropriate for trading purposes. Therefore, Discounting Cash Flows Inc. doesn't bear any responsibility for any trading losses you might incur as a result of using this data. Discounting Cash Flows Inc. or anyone involved with Discounting Cash Flows Inc. will not accept any liability for loss or damage as a result of reliance on the information including data, quotes, charts and buy/sell signals contained within this website. Please be fully informed regarding the risks and costs associated with trading the financial markets, it is one of the riskiest investment forms possible.