Bank of America Corporation (BAC) Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

Bank of America Corporation

BAC (NYSE)

(%)

Valuation
Bank of America Corporation Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

"""
    Model: Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

# Render model description
model.render_description(r"""
## Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit EBITDA Multiple

Discounted Free Cash Flow calculates the value of a share based on the company's estimated future Free Cash Flow figures.

Read more: [GitHub Documentation](https://github.com/DiscountingCashFlows/Documentation/blob/main/models-documentation/discounted-free-cash-flow.md#discounted-free-cash-flow-model-source-code)
""")

# Initialize assumptions
assumptions.init({
    "data": {
        "%discount_rate": None,
        "beta": data.get("profile:beta", default=1),
        "%risk_free_rate": data.get("treasury:year10"),
        "%market_premium": data.get("risk:totalEquityRiskPremium"),
        "%tax_rate": None,
        "%revenue_growth_rate": None,
        "exit_ebitda_multiple": None,
        "%ebitda_margin": None,
        "%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda": None,
        "%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda": None,
        "historical_years": 10,
        "projection_years": 5,
    },
    "hierarchies": [{
        "parent": "%discount_rate",
        "children": [
            "beta",
            "%risk_free_rate",
            "%market_premium",
            "%tax_rate"
        ]
    }]
})

# WACC Calculation
risk_free_rate = assumptions.get("%risk_free_rate")
beta = assumptions.get("beta")
market_premium = assumptions.get("%market_premium")
cost_of_equity = risk_free_rate + beta * market_premium
cost_of_debt = data.get("income:interestExpense / balance:totalDebt")
if cost_of_debt is None:
    # Use the 10-year Treasury yield instead
    cost_of_debt = data.get("treasury:year10")

tax_rate = data.get("income:incomeTaxExpense / income:incomeBeforeTax")
if tax_rate is None or tax_rate < 0:
    # Fall back to the statutory corporate rate
    tax_rate = data.get("risk:corporateTaxRate")
assumptions.set("%tax_rate", tax_rate)

market_cap = data.get("profile:price * income:weightedAverageShsOut")
debt_weight = data.get(f"balance:totalDebt / ({market_cap} + balance:totalDebt)")
if debt_weight is None:
    # Assume zero leverage if missing
    debt_weight = 0

equity_weight = 1 - debt_weight
wacc = debt_weight * cost_of_debt * (1 - assumptions.get("%tax_rate")) + equity_weight * cost_of_equity

# Set the discount rate to the WACC
assumptions.set("%discount_rate", wacc)

# Compute ratios
data.compute({
    "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:operatingCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "-1 * flow:capitalExpenditure",
    "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "positiveCapitalExpenditure / income:ebitda",
    "%netIncomeToEbitda": "income:netIncome / income:ebitda",
    "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:freeCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "%grossMargin": "income:grossProfit / income:revenue",
    "%ebitdaMargin": "income:ebitda / income:revenue",
    "discountedFreeCashFlow": "flow:freeCashFlow",
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
})

data.set_default_range(f"{-assumptions.get('historical_years')}->0")

# Calculate margins
assumptions.set("%ebitda_margin", data.average("%ebitdaMargin"))
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%ebitda_margin", low=0, high="100%"
)

assumptions.set("%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda", data.average("%operatingCashFlowToEbitda"))
# Limit OCF range
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda", low=0, high="100%"
)

assumptions.set("%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda", data.average("%capitalExpenditureToEbitda"))
# Limit CapEx range
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda", low=0, high="90%"
)

assumptions.set("%revenue_growth_rate", data.average("%revenueGrowthRate"))
# Limit revenue growth
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%revenue_growth_rate", low=0, high="25%"
)

# Calculate the Enterprise Value and set the exit EBITDA multiple
ev = data.get("profile:mktCap + balance:totalDebt - balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments")
exit_ebitda_multiple = data.get(f"{ev} / income:ebitda")
assumptions.set("exit_ebitda_multiple", exit_ebitda_multiple)

# Compute forecasted values and ratios
data.compute({
    "income:revenue": f"""
        income:revenue:-1 * 
        (1 + {assumptions.get('%revenue_growth_rate')})
    """,
    "income:ebitda": f"income:revenue * {assumptions.get('%ebitda_margin')}",
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
    "flow:operatingCashFlow": f"income:ebitda * {assumptions.get('%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda')}",
    "computedCapitalExpenditure": f"income:ebitda * {assumptions.get('%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda')}",
    "flow:freeCashFlow": "flow:operatingCashFlow - computedCapitalExpenditure",
    "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "flow:operatingCashFlow - flow:freeCashFlow",
    "discountedFreeCashFlow": f"""
        function:discount:flow:freeCashFlow 
        rate:{assumptions.get('%discount_rate')} 
        continuous:true
    """,
    # Informational computations
    "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:operatingCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "positiveCapitalExpenditure / income:ebitda",
    "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:freeCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "%ebitdaMargin": "income:ebitda / income:revenue",
    "#compoundedDiscountRate": f"""
        function:compound:1
        rate:{assumptions.get('%discount_rate')} 
        continuous:true
    """,
    "%compoundedDiscountRate": "#compoundedDiscountRate - 1",
}, forecast=assumptions.get("projection_years"))

# Calculate the terminal value
exit_multiple = assumptions.get("exit_ebitda_multiple")
end_year = assumptions.get("projection_years")
terminal_value = data.get(f"{exit_multiple} * income:ebitda:{end_year}")

# Discount the terminal value into the present
discounted_terminal_value = terminal_value / ((1 + assumptions.get("%discount_rate")) ** assumptions.get("projection_years"))

# Projected enterprise value calculation
projected_enterprise_value = discounted_terminal_value + data.sum(f"discountedFreeCashFlow:1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")

# Equity value calculation
equity_value = projected_enterprise_value + data.get("balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments") - data.get("balance:totalDebt")
value_per_share = equity_value / data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut")

# Set the final value
model.set_final_value({
    "value": value_per_share,
    "units": "$"
})

fcf_5y_cagr = data.cagr(f"flow:freeCashFlow:-1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")
revenue_5y_cagr = data.cagr(f"income:revenue:-1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")

# Render results
model.render_results([
    [data.get("profile:mktCap"), "Market Capitalization", "$"],
    [ev, "Current Enterprise Value (EV)", "$"],
    [data.get("income:ebitda"), "Current EBITDA", "$"],
    [exit_ebitda_multiple, "Exit EBITDA Multiple (EV/EBITDA)", "#"],
    [data.get(f"income:ebitda:{assumptions.get('projection_years')}"), "Terminal EBITDA", "$"],
    [terminal_value, "Terminal Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [discounted_terminal_value, "Discounted Terminal Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [projected_enterprise_value - discounted_terminal_value, "Sum of Discounted Free Cash Flow", "$"],
    [projected_enterprise_value, "Present Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [data.get("balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments"), "Cash and Equivalents", "$"],
    [data.get("balance:totalDebt"), "Total Debt", "$"],
    [equity_value, "Present Equity Value", "$"],
    [data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut"), "Shares Outstanding", "#"],
    [value_per_share, "Estimated Value per Share", "$"],
    [data.get("treasury:year10"), "Yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Note", "%"],
    [cost_of_equity, "Cost of Equity", "%"],
    [equity_weight, "Equity Weight", "%"],
    [cost_of_debt, "Cost of Debt", "%"],
    [debt_weight, "Debt Weight", "%"],
    [revenue_5y_cagr, "Forecasted Revenue - 5 Year CAGR", "%"],
    [fcf_5y_cagr, "Forecasted Free Cash Flow - 5 Year CAGR", "%"],
])

# Render Chart
model.render_chart({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Operating Cash Flow",
        "income:ebitda": "EBITDA",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "discountedFreeCashFlow": "Discounted Free Cash Flow",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical and Forecasted Data",
        "set_editable": [
            "income:revenue",
            "flow:operatingCashFlow",
            "flow:freeCashFlow",
            "income:ebitda",
        ],
        "hidden_keys": [
            "positiveCapitalExpenditure",
            "discountedFreeCashFlow"
        ],
    }
})

# Render Table for Estimated Future Data
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:ebitda": "EBITDA",
        "%ebitdaMargin": "EBITDA Margin",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Operating Cash Flow",
        "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "Capital Expenditure to EBITDA",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "Free Cash Flow to EBITDA",
        "%compoundedDiscountRate": "Compounded Discount Rate",
        "discountedFreeCashFlow": "Discounted Free Cash Flow",
    },
    "start": -1,
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Estimated Future Data",
        "order": "ascending",
        "number_format": "M",
    }
})

# Render Historical Table
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:costOfRevenue": "Cost of Revenue",
        "income:grossProfit": "Gross Profit",
        "%grossMargin": "Gross Margin",
        "income:ebitda": "EBITDA",
        "%ebitdaMargin": "EBITDA Margin",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income",
        "%netIncomeToEbitda": "Net Income to EBITDA",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Cash from Operating Activities",
        "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "Cash from Operating Activities to EBITDA",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "Capital Expenditure to EBITDA",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "Free Cash Flow to EBITDA",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": 0,
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical Data",
        "display_averages": True,
        "order": "descending",
        "number_format": "M",
    }
})

assumptions.set_description({
    "%discount_rate": r"""
        ## Discount Rate
        
        `Discount Rate` = `Equity Weight` * `Cost of Equity` + `Debt Weight` * `Cost of Debt` * (1 - `Tax Rate`)
        
        Calculated using Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula. It represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp)
        
        ---
        
        ### Cost of Equity
        
        `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium`
        
        The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofequity.asp#mntl-sc-block_1-0-20)
        
        ---
        
        ### Cost of Debt
        
        `Cost of Debt` = `Interest Expense` / `Total Debt`
        
        The cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its debt, such as bonds and loans.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofdebt.asp)
        
        ---
        
        ### Equity & Debt Weights
        
        `Debt Weight` = `Total Debt` / (`Market Capitalization` + `Total Debt`) = 1 - `Equity Weight`
        
        The Equity Weight represents the proportion of equity-based financing (Market Capitalization), while the Debt Weight represents the proportion of debt-based financing (Total Debt).
        
        ---
        
        ### Tax Rate
        
        `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax`
        
        The overall tax rate paid by the company on its earned income.
    """,

"beta": r"""
        ## Beta
        
        Beta measures the volatility of a stock's price in relation to the overall stock market. A higher beta indicates greater price fluctuations relative to the market.
    """,

"%risk_free_rate": r"""
        ## Risk-Free Rate
        
        The risk-free rate represents the return an investor expects from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified time period. By default, it is set to the current yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.
    """,

"%tax_rate": r"""
        ## Tax Rate
        
        `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax`
        
        This is the company’s **effective tax rate**, reflecting the average rate of tax actually paid on its pre-tax earnings (including all statutory, deferred, and non-recurring items).
        
        This rate is used to adjust the after-tax cost of debt, since interest expense is tax-deductible.
        
        ## Discount Rate
        
        `Discount Rate` =  
        `Debt Weight` × `Cost of Debt` × (1 − `Tax Rate`)  
        + `Equity Weight` × `Cost of Equity`
    """,

"%market_premium": r"""
        ## Market Premium
        
        The market risk premium represents the additional return over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the risks associated with equities.
    """,

"%revenue_growth_rate": r"""
        ## Revenue Growth Rate
        
        The annual growth rate applied to projected revenue, starting from the second projection year onward.
    """,

"exit_ebitda_multiple": r"""
        ## Exit EBITDA Multiple
        
        The exit EV/EBITDA multiple used to calculate the terminal value.
    """,

"%ebitda_margin": r"""
        ## EBITDA Margin
        
        EBITDA expressed as a percentage of Revenue.
    """,

"%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda": r"""
        ## Capital Expenditure to EBITDA
        
        Capital expenditure expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.
    """,

"%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda": r"""
        ## Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA
        
        Operating cash flow expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.
    """,

"historical_years": r"""
        ## Historical Years
        
        The number of years of historical data used to calculate averages and trends for analysis.
    """,

"projection_years": r"""
        ## Projection Years
        
        The number of years into the future for which the analysis projects financial performance and metrics.
    """,
})

print(f"End of model.")

Estimated Value

USD

Market Price USD

* Values are not guaranteed, please do your own
research before making investment decisions.

Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit EBITDA Multiple

Discounted Free Cash Flow calculates the value of a share based on the company's estimated future Free Cash Flow figures.

Interactive Assumptions

Discount Rate Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Equity Weight` * `Cost of Equity` + `Debt Weight` * `Cost of Debt` * (1 - `Tax Rate`) Calculated using Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula. It represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt. Read More Cost of Equity `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium` The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula. Read More Cost of Debt `Cost of Debt` = `Interest Expense` / `Total Debt` The cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its debt, such as bonds and loans. Read More Equity & Debt Weights `Debt Weight` = `Total Debt` / (`Market Capitalization` + `Total Debt`) = 1 - `Equity Weight` The Equity Weight represents the proportion of equity-based financing (Market Capitalization), while the Debt Weight represents the proportion of debt-based financing (Total Debt). Tax Rate `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax` The overall tax rate paid by the company on its earned income.	%
↳ Beta Beta Beta measures the volatility of a stock's price in relation to the overall stock market. A higher beta indicates greater price fluctuations relative to the market.	#
↳ Risk Free Rate Risk-Free Rate The risk-free rate represents the return an investor expects from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified time period. By default, it is set to the current yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.	%
↳ Market Premium Market Premium The market risk premium represents the additional return over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the risks associated with equities.	%
↳ Tax Rate Tax Rate `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax` This is the company’s effective tax rate, reflecting the average rate of tax actually paid on its pre-tax earnings (including all statutory, deferred, and non-recurring items). This rate is used to adjust the after-tax cost of debt, since interest expense is tax-deductible. Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Debt Weight` × `Cost of Debt` × (1 − `Tax Rate`) + `Equity Weight` × `Cost of Equity`	%
Revenue Growth Rate Revenue Growth Rate The annual growth rate applied to projected revenue, starting from the second projection year onward.	%
Exit Ebitda Multiple Exit EBITDA Multiple The exit EV/EBITDA multiple used to calculate the terminal value.	#
Ebitda Margin EBITDA Margin EBITDA expressed as a percentage of Revenue.	%
Capital Expenditure To Ebitda Capital Expenditure to EBITDA Capital expenditure expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.	%
Operating Cash Flow To Ebitda Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA Operating cash flow expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.	%
Historical Years Historical Years The number of years of historical data used to calculate averages and trends for analysis.	#
Projection Years Projection Years The number of years into the future for which the analysis projects financial performance and metrics.	#

Results
Market Capitalization	363.9 Bil. USD
Current Enterprise Value (EV)	-233.9 Bil. USD
Current EBITDA	37.21 Bil. USD
Exit EBITDA Multiple (EV/EBITDA)	-6.29
Terminal EBITDA	71.3 Bil. USD
Terminal Enterprise Value	-448.5 Bil. USD
Discounted Terminal Enterprise Value	-230.6 Bil. USD
Sum of Discounted Free Cash Flow	137.1 Bil. USD
Present Enterprise Value	-93.53 Bil. USD
Cash and Equivalents	963.7 Bil. USD
Total Debt	365.9 Bil. USD
Present Equity Value	504.3 Bil. USD
Shares Outstanding	7.36 Bil.
Estimated Value per Share	68.47 USD
Yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Note	3.97%
Cost of Equity	9.65%
Equity Weight	50.07%
Cost of Debt	21.45%
Debt Weight	49.93%
Forecasted Revenue - 5 Year CAGR	7.71%
Forecasted Free Cash Flow - 5 Year CAGR	29.66%

Historical and Forecasted Data

Monetary values in USD

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12613000000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-12-31", "y": 34341802273, "oy": 34341802273, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 172.3, "og": 172.3}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-12-31", "y": 36991272318, "oy": 36991272318, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-12-31", "y": 39845148977, "oy": 39845148977, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-12-31", "y": 42919202221, "oy": 42919202221, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-12-31", "y": 46230418672, "oy": 46230418672, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "EBITDA", "mappingKey": "income:ebitda", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-12-31", "y": 27262000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-12-31", "y": 31316000000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-12-31", "y": 36647000000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-12-31", "y": 34483000000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-12-31", "y": 20838000000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-12-31", "y": 35874000000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-12-31", "y": 32947000000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-12-31", "y": 30399000000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-12-31", "y": 31443000000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-12-31", "y": 36612000000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-12-31", "y": 52963914671, "oy": 52963914671, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 44.66, "og": 44.66}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-12-31", "y": 57050080688, "oy": 57050080688, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-12-31", "y": 61451494413, "oy": 61451494413, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-12-31", "y": 66192477207, "oy": 66192477207, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-12-31", "y": 71299226824, "oy": 71299226824, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 7.71, "og": 7.71}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Free Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "flow:freeCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-12-31", "y": 17277000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-12-31", "y": 9864000000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-12-31", "y": 39520000000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-12-31", "y": 61777000000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-12-31", "y": 37993000000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-12-31", "y": -7193000000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-12-31", "y": -6327000000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-12-31", "y": 44982000000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-12-31", "y": -8805000000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-12-31", "y": 12613000000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-12-31", "y": 34341802273, "oy": 34341802273, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 172.3, "og": 172.3}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-12-31", "y": 36991272318, "oy": 36991272318, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-12-31", "y": 39845148977, "oy": 39845148977, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-12-31", "y": 42919202221, "oy": 42919202221, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-12-31", "y": 46230418672, "oy": 46230418672, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 7.72, "og": 7.72}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Capital Expenditure", "mappingKey": "positiveCapitalExpenditure", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-12-31", "y": 0}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-12-31", "y": 0.0}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-12-31", "y": 0.0}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-12-31", "y": 0.0}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-12-31", "y": 0.0}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-12-31", "y": 0.0}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": true}, {"label": "Discounted Free Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "discountedFreeCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-12-31", "y": 17277000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-12-31", "y": 9864000000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-12-31", "y": 39520000000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-12-31", "y": 61777000000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-12-31", "y": 37993000000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-12-31", "y": -7193000000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-12-31", "y": -6327000000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-12-31", "y": 44982000000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-12-31", "y": -8805000000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-12-31", "y": 12613000000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-12-31", "y": 30728475730}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-12-31", "y": 28975906183}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-12-31", "y": 27313335161}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-12-31", "y": 25755544926}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-12-31", "y": 24286601783}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": true}], "editableDates": {"2026-12-31": 35, "2027-12-31": 36, "2028-12-31": 37, "2029-12-31": 38, "2030-12-31": 39}, "properties": {"display_table": true}, "width": "full"}

Edit Chart Values	2026-12-31	2027-12-31	2028-12-31	2029-12-31	2030-12-31

↳ Growth Rate

Estimated Future Data

Monetary values in USD amounts except #	2025 Dec 31	LTM Mar 01	2026 Dec 31	2027 Dec 31	2028 Dec 31	2029 Dec 31	2030 Dec 31
Revenue	188,754	188,754	203,316	219,002	235,898	254,098	273,701
Revenue Growth Rate	-1.91%	0%	7.71%	7.71%	7.71%	7.71%	7.71%
EBITDA	36,612	37,206	52,964	57,050	61,451	66,192	71,299
EBITDA Margin	19.4%	19.71%	26.05%	26.05%	26.05%	26.05%	26.05%
Operating Cash Flow	12,613	12,613	34,342	36,991	39,845	42,919	46,230
Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA	34.45%	33.9%	64.84%	64.84%	64.84%	64.84%	64.84%
Capital Expenditure	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Capital Expenditure to EBITDA	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Free Cash Flow	12,613	12,613	34,342	36,991	39,845	42,919	46,230
Free Cash Flow to EBITDA	34.45%	33.9%	64.84%	64.84%	64.84%	64.84%	64.84%
Compounded Discount Rate			11.76%	27.66%	45.88%	66.64%	90.35%
Discounted Free Cash Flow	12,613	12,613	30,728	28,976	27,313	25,756	24,287

Historical Data

Monetary values in USD amounts except #	Average	LTM Mar 01	2025 Dec 31	2024 Dec 31	2023 Dec 31	2022 Dec 31	2021 Dec 31	2020 Dec 31	2019 Dec 31	2018 Dec 31	2017 Dec 31	2016 Dec 31
Revenue	132,805	188,754	188,754	192,434	171,912	115,053	93,851	93,753	113,589	109,627	99,466	93,662
Revenue Growth Rate	7.72%	0%	-1.91%	11.94%	49.42%	22.59%	0.105%	-17.46%	3.61%	10.22%	6.2%	0.158%
Cost of Revenue	41,985	84,145	84,145	96,368	77,725	22,646	144	19,545	25,935	21,889	15,736	13,558
Gross Profit	90,820	104,609	104,609	96,066	94,187	92,407	93,707	74,208	87,654	87,738	83,730	80,104
Gross Margin	72.89%	55.42%	55.42%	49.92%	54.79%	80.32%	99.85%	79.15%	77.17%	80.03%	84.18%	85.52%
EBITDA	32,275	37,206	36,612	31,443	30,399	32,947	35,874	20,838	34,483	36,647	31,316	27,262
EBITDA Margin	26.05%	19.71%	19.4%	16.34%	17.68%	28.64%	38.22%	22.23%	30.36%	33.43%	31.48%	29.11%
Net Income	25,812	30,628	30,628	27,132	26,515	27,528	31,978	17,894	27,430	28,147	18,232	17,822
Net Income to EBITDA	79.82%	82.32%	83.66%	86.29%	87.22%	83.55%	89.14%	85.87%	79.55%	76.81%	58.22%	65.37%
Cash from Operating Activities	19,483	12,613	12,613	-8,805	44,982	-6,327	-7,193	37,993	61,777	39,520	9,864	17,277
Cash from Operating Activities to EBITDA	64.84%	33.9%	34.45%	-28%	148%	-19.2%	-20.05%	182.3%	179.2%	107.8%	31.5%	63.37%
Capital Expenditure		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Capital Expenditure to EBITDA		0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%
Free Cash Flow	19,483	12,613	12,613	-8,805	44,982	-6,327	-7,193	37,993	61,777	39,520	9,864	17,277
Free Cash Flow to EBITDA	64.84%	33.9%	34.45%	-28%	148%	-19.2%	-20.05%	182.3%	179.2%	107.8%	31.5%	63.37%

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Bank of America Corporation Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

Estimated Value

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Market Price USD

Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit EBITDA Multiple

Interactive Assumptions

Discount Rate

Cost of Equity

Cost of Debt

Equity & Debt Weights

Tax Rate

Beta

Risk-Free Rate

Market Premium

Tax Rate

Discount Rate

Revenue Growth Rate

Exit EBITDA Multiple

EBITDA Margin

Capital Expenditure to EBITDA

Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA

Historical Years

Projection Years

Results

Historical and Forecasted Data

Estimated Future Data

Historical Data