H.B. Fuller Company (FUL) Discounted Future Market Cap

H.B. Fuller Company

FUL (NYSE)

(%)

Valuation
H.B. Fuller Company Discounted Future Market Cap

"""
    Model: Discounted Future Market Cap

# Render model description
model.render_description(r"""
## Discounted Future Market Cap

This model estimates the intrinsic value of a common share by projecting the Future Market Capitalization using the estimated PE Ratio and then discounting it to the Present using an Annual Required Rate of Return.
""")

# Initialize assumptions
assumptions.init({
    "data": {
        "%discount_rate": None,
        "beta": data.get("profile:beta", default=1),
        "%risk_free_rate": data.get("treasury:year10"),
        "%market_premium": data.get("risk:totalEquityRiskPremium"),
        "pe_ratio": data.get("ratio:priceEarningsRatio"),
        "%revenue_growth_rate": None,
        "%net_income_margin": None,
        "historical_years": 10,
        "projection_years": 5,
    },
    "hierarchies": [{
        "parent": "%discount_rate",
        "children": ["beta", "%risk_free_rate", "%market_premium"]
    }]
})

# Calculate cost of equity
cost_of_equity = assumptions.get("%risk_free_rate") + assumptions.get("beta") * assumptions.get("%market_premium")
assumptions.set("%discount_rate", cost_of_equity)

# Compute metrics
data.compute({
    "%grossMargin": "income:grossProfit / income:revenue",
    "%operating_margin": "income:operatingIncome / income:revenue",
    "%netMargin": "income:netIncome / income:revenue",
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
    "%netIncomeGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:netIncome",
    "%totalStockholdersEquityGrowthRate": "function:growth:balance:totalStockholdersEquity",

# Calculating NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Taxes)
    "%taxRate": "income:incomeTaxExpense / income:incomeBeforeTax",
    "incomeTax": "income:operatingIncome * %taxRate",
    "nopat": "income:operatingIncome - incomeTax",

# Calculating Invested Capital
    "investedCapital": [
        "balance:totalNonCurrentAssets", "-", "balance:cashAndCashEquivalents", "+",
        "balance:totalCurrentAssets", "-", "balance:totalCurrentLiabilities"
    ],
    "%roic": "nopat / investedCapital",
})

data.set_default_range(f"{-assumptions.get('historical_years')}->0")

assumptions.set("%net_income_margin", data.average(f"%netMargin"))
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%net_income_margin", low=0, high="100%"
)

assumptions.set("%revenue_growth_rate", data.average(f"%revenueGrowthRate"))
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%revenue_growth_rate", low=0, high="25%"
)

# Compute forecasted values and ratios
data.compute({
    "income:revenue": f"""
        income:revenue:-1 * 
        (1 + {assumptions.get('%revenue_growth_rate')})
    """,
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
    "income:netIncome": f"income:revenue * {assumptions.get('%net_income_margin')}",
}, forecast=assumptions.get("projection_years"))

projected_revenue = data.get("income:revenue")
projected_net_income = data.get(f"income:netIncome:{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")

shares_outstanding = data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut")
future_market_cap = assumptions.get("pe_ratio") * projected_net_income
discounted_future_market_cap = future_market_cap / (
            (1 + assumptions.get("%discount_rate")) ** assumptions.get("projection_years"))

stock_value = discounted_future_market_cap / shares_outstanding

# Set the final value
model.set_final_value({
    "value": stock_value,
    "units": "$"
})

# Render results
model.render_results([
    [stock_value, "Present Value", "$"],
    [projected_net_income, "Estimated net income", "$"],
    [future_market_cap, "Estimated market capitalization", "$"],
    [discounted_future_market_cap, "Market capitalization discounted to present", "$"],
    [shares_outstanding, "Shares Outstanding", "#"],
    [data.get("income:eps"), "Earnings Per Share (EPS)", "$"],
    [data.get("profile:price"), "Market Price", "$"],
    [data.get("ratio:priceEarningsRatio"), "Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio", "#"]
])

# Render chart
model.render_chart({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income"
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical and forecasted data",
        "set_editable": [
            "income:revenue",
            "income:netIncome"
        ]
    }
})

# Render table for estimated future values
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income",
    },
    "start": -1,
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Estimated Future Values",
        "order": "ascending",
        "number_format": "M"
    }
})

# Render historical values table
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "income:costOfRevenue": "Cost of Revenue",
        "income:grossProfit": "Gross Profit",
        "%grossMargin": "Gross Margin",
        "income:operatingIncome": "Operating Income",
        "%operating_margin": "Operating Margin",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income",
        "%netMargin": "Net Margin",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": 0,
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical Values",
        "display_averages": True,
        "order": "descending",
        "number_format": "M"
    },
})

# Render historical growth rates table
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income",
        "%netMargin": "Net Margin",
        "%netIncomeGrowthRate": "Net Income Growth Rate",
        "balance:totalStockholdersEquity": "Stockholders Equity",
        "%totalStockholdersEquityGrowthRate": "Equity Growth Rate",
        "%roic": "Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)",
        "nopat": "After-tax Operating Income",
        "%taxRate": "Income Tax Rate",
        "investedCapital": "Invested Capital",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": 0,
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical Growth Rates",
        "display_averages": True,
        "order": "descending",
        "number_format": "M"
    },
})

# Set description for assumptions
assumptions.set_description({
    "%discount_rate": r"""
        ## Discount Rate

`Discount Rate` = `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium`

The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula.

[Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofequity.asp#mntl-sc-block_1-0-20)
    """,

"beta": r"""
        ## Beta

Beta is a value that measures the price fluctuations (volatility) of a stock with respect to fluctuations in the overall stock market.
    """,

"%risk_free_rate": r"""
        ## Risk-Free Rate

The risk-free rate represents the interest an investor would expect from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified period of time.
        By default, it is equal to the current yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Bond.
    """,

"%market_premium": r"""
        ## Market Premium

Market risk premium represents the excess returns over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the incremental risks connected to the equities market.
    """,

"pe_ratio": r"""
        ## Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio

Estimated Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio at the end of the projection period.

`Future Market Cap` = `PE Ratio` * `Projected Net Income`
    """,

"%revenue_growth_rate": r"""
        ## Revenue Growth Rate

The annual revenue growth rate is applied to projected revenue starting from the second projection year onward.
    """,

"%net_income_margin": r"""
        ## Net Income Margin

Net Income expressed as a percentage of Revenue.
    """,

"historical_years": r"""
        ## Historical Years

The number of historical years used to calculate averages for historical data.
    """,

"projection_years": r"""
        ## Projection Years

The number of years for projecting the analysis into the future.
    """,
})

print("End of model.")

Estimated Value

USD

Market Price USD

* Values are not guaranteed, please do your own
research before making investment decisions.

Discounted Future Market Cap

Interactive Assumptions

Discount Rate Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium` The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula. Read More	%
↳ Beta Beta Beta is a value that measures the price fluctuations (volatility) of a stock with respect to fluctuations in the overall stock market.	#
↳ Risk Free Rate Risk-Free Rate The risk-free rate represents the interest an investor would expect from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified period of time. By default, it is equal to the current yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Bond.	%
↳ Market Premium Market Premium Market risk premium represents the excess returns over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the incremental risks connected to the equities market.	%
Pe Ratio Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio Estimated Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio at the end of the projection period. `Future Market Cap` = `PE Ratio` * `Projected Net Income`	#
Revenue Growth Rate Revenue Growth Rate The annual revenue growth rate is applied to projected revenue starting from the second projection year onward.	%
Net Income Margin Net Income Margin Net Income expressed as a percentage of Revenue.	%
Historical Years Historical Years The number of historical years used to calculate averages for historical data.	#
Projection Years Projection Years The number of years for projecting the analysis into the future.	#

Results
Present Value	57.19 USD
Estimated net income	201.7 Mil. USD
Estimated market capitalization	4.77 Bil. USD
Market capitalization discounted to present	3.12 Bil. USD
Shares Outstanding	54.54 Mil.
Earnings Per Share (EPS)	2.79 USD
Market Price	65.87 USD
Price to Earnings (PE) Ratio	23.64

Historical and forecasted data

Monetary values in USD

{"sectionId": "section-chart-1", "sectionType": "chart", "title": "Historical and forecasted data", "timeseries": "annual", "series": [{"label": "Revenue", "mappingKey": "income:revenue", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-12-03", "y": 2094605000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-12-02", "y": 2306043000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-12-01", "y": 3041002000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-11-30", "y": 2897000000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-11-28", "y": 2790269000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-11-27", "y": 3278031000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-12-03", "y": 3749183000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-12-02", "y": 3510934000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-11-30", "y": 3568736000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-11-29", "y": 3473589000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-11-29", "y": 3658488142, "oy": 3658488142, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-11-29", "y": 3853229466, "oy": 3853229466, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-11-29", "y": 4058336870, "oy": 4058336870, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-11-29", "y": 4274362142, "oy": 4274362142, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-11-29", "y": 4501886439, "oy": 4501886439, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Net Income", "mappingKey": "income:netIncome", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-12-03", "y": 124128000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-12-02", "y": 58242000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-12-01", "y": 171208000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-11-30", "y": 130817000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-11-28", "y": 123719000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-11-27", "y": 161393000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-12-03", "y": 180313000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-12-02", "y": 144906000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-11-30", "y": 130256000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-11-29", "y": 151967000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-11-29", "y": 163936853, "oy": 163936853, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 7.88, "og": 7.88}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-11-29", "y": 172663212, "oy": 172663212, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-11-29", "y": 181854075, "oy": 181854075, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-11-29", "y": 191534167, "oy": 191534167, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-11-29", "y": 201729531, "oy": 201729531, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.32, "og": 5.32}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}], "editableDates": {"2026-11-29": 42, "2027-11-29": 43, "2028-11-29": 44, "2029-11-29": 45, "2030-11-29": 46}, "properties": {"display_table": true}, "width": "full"}

Edit Chart Values	2026-11-29	2027-11-29	2028-11-29	2029-11-29	2030-11-29

↳ Growth Rate

Estimated Future Values

Monetary values in USD amounts except #	2025 Nov 29	LTM Feb 26	2026 Nov 29	2027 Nov 29	2028 Nov 29	2029 Nov 29	2030 Nov 29
Revenue	3,474	3,474	3,658	3,853	4,058	4,274	4,502
Revenue Growth Rate	-2.67%	0%	5.32%	5.32%	5.32%	5.32%	5.32%
Net Income	152	152	163.9	172.7	181.9	191.5	201.7

Monetary values in USD

amounts except #

2025
Nov 29

LTM
Feb 26

2026
Nov 29

2027
Nov 29

2028
Nov 29

2029
Nov 29

2030
Nov 29

Revenue

3,474

3,658

3,853

4,058

4,274

4,502

Revenue Growth Rate

-2.67%

5.32%

Net Income

152

163.9

172.7

181.9

191.5

201.7

Historical Values

Monetary values in USD amounts except #	Average	LTM Feb 26	2025 Nov 29	2024 Nov 30	2023 Dec 02	2022 Dec 03	2021 Nov 27	2020 Nov 28	2019 Nov 30	2018 Dec 01	2017 Dec 02	2016 Dec 03
Revenue	3,108	3,474	3,474	3,569	3,511	3,749	3,278	2,790	2,897	3,041	2,306	2,095
Cost of Revenue	2,223	2,379	2,373	2,495	2,487	2,786	2,433	2,033	2,088	2,207	1,691	1,485
Gross Profit	884.3	1,094	1,101	1,074	1,024	963.5	845.1	757.7	809	833.9	614.8	609.8
Gross Margin	28.38%	31.5%	31.69%	30.1%	29.16%	25.7%	25.78%	27.15%	27.93%	27.42%	26.66%	29.11%
Operating Income	288.8	378.1	399.1	368.9	379.5	322.3	255.7	222.9	240.5	246.8	159.2	203.3
Operating Margin	9.18%	10.88%	11.49%	10.34%	10.81%	8.6%	7.8%	7.99%	8.3%	8.12%	6.9%	9.71%
Net Income	139	152	152	130.3	144.9	180.3	161.4	123.7	130.8	171.2	58.24	124.1
Net Margin	4.48%	4.38%	4.38%	3.65%	4.13%	4.81%	4.92%	4.43%	4.52%	5.63%	2.53%	5.93%

Historical Growth Rates

Monetary values in USD amounts except #	Average	LTM Feb 26	2025 Nov 29	2024 Nov 30	2023 Dec 02	2022 Dec 03	2021 Nov 27	2020 Nov 28	2019 Nov 30	2018 Dec 01	2017 Dec 02	2016 Dec 03
Revenue	3,108	3,474	3,474	3,569	3,511	3,749	3,278	2,790	2,897	3,041	2,306	2,095
Revenue Growth Rate	5.32%	0%	-2.67%	1.65%	-6.35%	14.37%	17.48%	-3.68%	-4.74%	31.87%	10.09%	0.525%
Net Income	139	152	152	130.3	144.9	180.3	161.4	123.7	130.8	171.2	58.24	124.1
Net Margin	4.48%	4.38%	4.38%	3.65%	4.13%	4.81%	4.92%	4.43%	4.52%	5.63%	2.53%	5.93%
Net Income Growth Rate	16.74%	0.001%	16.67%	-10.11%	-19.64%	11.72%	30.45%	-5.43%	-23.59%	194%	-53.08%	43.2%
Stockholders Equity	1,503	2,003	2,003	1,829	1,755	1,610	1,597	1,381	1,222	1,152	1,044	937.9
Equity Growth Rate	7.95%	0%	9.55%	4.18%	9.01%	0.839%	15.6%	13.01%	6.13%	10.36%	11.28%	7.44%
Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)	6.09%	6.05%	6.39%	6.37%	5.99%	6.14%	5.29%	4.89%	5.24%	7.37%	3.73%	9.49%
After-tax Operating Income	210.5	262.3	276.9	257.6	230.7	225.7	183.9	166.5	174.6	256.3	136.7	144.7
Income Tax Rate	25.5%	30.62%	30.62%	30.19%	39.21%	29.96%	28.08%	25.3%	27.41%	-3.85%	14.16%	28.85%
Invested Capital	3,556	4,332	4,332	4,045	3,851	3,678	3,476	3,406	3,331	3,478	3,661	1,524