Tata Steel Limited (TATASTEEL.NS) Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

Tata Steel Limited

TATASTEEL.NS (NSE)

Valuation
Tata Steel Limited Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

"""
    Model: Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit Multiple

# Render model description
model.render_description(r"""
## Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit EBITDA Multiple

Discounted Free Cash Flow calculates the value of a share based on the company's estimated future Free Cash Flow figures.

Read more: [GitHub Documentation](https://github.com/DiscountingCashFlows/Documentation/blob/main/models-documentation/discounted-free-cash-flow.md#discounted-free-cash-flow-model-source-code)
""")

# Initialize assumptions
assumptions.init({
    "data": {
        "%discount_rate": None,
        "beta": data.get("profile:beta", default=1),
        "%risk_free_rate": data.get("treasury:year10"),
        "%market_premium": data.get("risk:totalEquityRiskPremium"),
        "%tax_rate": None,
        "%revenue_growth_rate": None,
        "exit_ebitda_multiple": None,
        "%ebitda_margin": None,
        "%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda": None,
        "%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda": None,
        "historical_years": 10,
        "projection_years": 5,
    },
    "hierarchies": [{
        "parent": "%discount_rate",
        "children": [
            "beta",
            "%risk_free_rate",
            "%market_premium",
            "%tax_rate"
        ]
    }]
})

# WACC Calculation
risk_free_rate = assumptions.get("%risk_free_rate")
beta = assumptions.get("beta")
market_premium = assumptions.get("%market_premium")
cost_of_equity = risk_free_rate + beta * market_premium
cost_of_debt = data.get("income:interestExpense / balance:totalDebt")
if cost_of_debt is None:
    # Use the 10-year Treasury yield instead
    cost_of_debt = data.get("treasury:year10")

tax_rate = data.get("income:incomeTaxExpense / income:incomeBeforeTax")
if tax_rate is None or tax_rate < 0:
    # Fall back to the statutory corporate rate
    tax_rate = data.get("risk:corporateTaxRate")
assumptions.set("%tax_rate", tax_rate)

market_cap = data.get("profile:price * income:weightedAverageShsOut")
debt_weight = data.get(f"balance:totalDebt / ({market_cap} + balance:totalDebt)")
if debt_weight is None:
    # Assume zero leverage if missing
    debt_weight = 0

equity_weight = 1 - debt_weight
wacc = debt_weight * cost_of_debt * (1 - assumptions.get("%tax_rate")) + equity_weight * cost_of_equity

# Set the discount rate to the WACC
assumptions.set("%discount_rate", wacc)

# Compute ratios
data.compute({
    "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:operatingCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "-1 * flow:capitalExpenditure",
    "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "positiveCapitalExpenditure / income:ebitda",
    "%netIncomeToEbitda": "income:netIncome / income:ebitda",
    "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:freeCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "%grossMargin": "income:grossProfit / income:revenue",
    "%ebitdaMargin": "income:ebitda / income:revenue",
    "discountedFreeCashFlow": "flow:freeCashFlow",
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
})

data.set_default_range(f"{-assumptions.get('historical_years')}->0")

# Calculate margins
assumptions.set("%ebitda_margin", data.average("%ebitdaMargin"))
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%ebitda_margin", low=0, high="100%"
)

assumptions.set("%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda", data.average("%operatingCashFlowToEbitda"))
# Limit OCF range
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda", low=0, high="100%"
)

assumptions.set("%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda", data.average("%capitalExpenditureToEbitda"))
# Limit CapEx range
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda", low=0, high="90%"
)

assumptions.set("%revenue_growth_rate", data.average("%revenueGrowthRate"))
# Limit revenue growth
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%revenue_growth_rate", low=0, high="25%"
)

# Calculate the Enterprise Value and set the exit EBITDA multiple
ev = data.get("profile:mktCap + balance:totalDebt - balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments")
exit_ebitda_multiple = data.get(f"{ev} / income:ebitda")
assumptions.set("exit_ebitda_multiple", exit_ebitda_multiple)

# Compute forecasted values and ratios
data.compute({
    "income:revenue": f"""
        income:revenue:-1 * 
        (1 + {assumptions.get('%revenue_growth_rate')})
    """,
    "income:ebitda": f"income:revenue * {assumptions.get('%ebitda_margin')}",
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
    "flow:operatingCashFlow": f"income:ebitda * {assumptions.get('%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda')}",
    "computedCapitalExpenditure": f"income:ebitda * {assumptions.get('%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda')}",
    "flow:freeCashFlow": "flow:operatingCashFlow - computedCapitalExpenditure",
    "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "flow:operatingCashFlow - flow:freeCashFlow",
    "discountedFreeCashFlow": f"""
        function:discount:flow:freeCashFlow 
        rate:{assumptions.get('%discount_rate')} 
        continuous:true
    """,
    # Informational computations
    "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:operatingCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "positiveCapitalExpenditure / income:ebitda",
    "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "flow:freeCashFlow / income:ebitda",
    "%ebitdaMargin": "income:ebitda / income:revenue",
    "#compoundedDiscountRate": f"""
        function:compound:1
        rate:{assumptions.get('%discount_rate')} 
        continuous:true
    """,
    "%compoundedDiscountRate": "#compoundedDiscountRate - 1",
}, forecast=assumptions.get("projection_years"))

# Calculate the terminal value
exit_multiple = assumptions.get("exit_ebitda_multiple")
end_year = assumptions.get("projection_years")
terminal_value = data.get(f"{exit_multiple} * income:ebitda:{end_year}")

# Discount the terminal value into the present
discounted_terminal_value = terminal_value / ((1 + assumptions.get("%discount_rate")) ** assumptions.get("projection_years"))

# Projected enterprise value calculation
projected_enterprise_value = discounted_terminal_value + data.sum(f"discountedFreeCashFlow:1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")

# Equity value calculation
equity_value = projected_enterprise_value + data.get("balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments") - data.get("balance:totalDebt")
value_per_share = equity_value / data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut")

# Set the final value
model.set_final_value({
    "value": value_per_share,
    "units": "$"
})

fcf_5y_cagr = data.cagr(f"flow:freeCashFlow:-1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")
revenue_5y_cagr = data.cagr(f"income:revenue:-1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")

# Render results
model.render_results([
    [exit_ebitda_multiple, "Exit EBITDA Multiple (EV/EBITDA)", "#"],
    [data.get(f"income:ebitda:{assumptions.get('projection_years')}"), "Terminal EBITDA", "$"],
    [terminal_value, "Terminal Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [discounted_terminal_value, "Discounted Terminal Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [projected_enterprise_value - discounted_terminal_value, "Sum of Discounted Free Cash Flow", "$"],
    [projected_enterprise_value, "Present Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [data.get("balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments"), "Cash and Equivalents", "$"],
    [data.get("balance:totalDebt"), "Total Debt", "$"],
    [equity_value, "Present Equity Value", "$"],
    [data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut"), "Shares Outstanding", "#"],
    [value_per_share, "Estimated Value per Share", "$"],
    [data.get("treasury:year10"), "Yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Note", "%"],
    [cost_of_equity, "Cost of Equity", "%"],
    [equity_weight, "Equity Weight", "%"],
    [cost_of_debt, "Cost of Debt", "%"],
    [debt_weight, "Debt Weight", "%"],
    [revenue_5y_cagr, "Forecasted Revenue - 5 Year CAGR", "%"],
    [fcf_5y_cagr, "Forecasted Free Cash Flow - 5 Year CAGR", "%"],
])

# Render Chart
model.render_chart({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Operating Cash Flow",
        "income:ebitda": "EBITDA",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "discountedFreeCashFlow": "Discounted Free Cash Flow",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical and Forecasted Data",
        "set_editable": [
            "income:revenue",
            "flow:operatingCashFlow",
            "flow:freeCashFlow",
            "income:ebitda",
        ],
        "hidden_keys": [
            "positiveCapitalExpenditure",
            "discountedFreeCashFlow"
        ],
    }
})

# Render Table for Estimated Future Data
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:ebitda": "EBITDA",
        "%ebitdaMargin": "EBITDA Margin",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Operating Cash Flow",
        "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "Capital Expenditure to EBITDA",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "Free Cash Flow to EBITDA",
        "%compoundedDiscountRate": "Compounded Discount Rate",
        "discountedFreeCashFlow": "Discounted Free Cash Flow",
    },
    "start": -1,
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Estimated Future Data",
        "order": "ascending",
        "number_format": "M",
    }
})

# Render Historical Table
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:costOfRevenue": "Cost of Revenue",
        "income:grossProfit": "Gross Profit",
        "%grossMargin": "Gross Margin",
        "income:ebitda": "EBITDA",
        "%ebitdaMargin": "EBITDA Margin",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income",
        "%netIncomeToEbitda": "Net Income to EBITDA",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Cash from Operating Activities",
        "%operatingCashFlowToEbitda": "Cash from Operating Activities to EBITDA",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "%capitalExpenditureToEbitda": "Capital Expenditure to EBITDA",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "%freeCashFlowToEbitda": "Free Cash Flow to EBITDA",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": 0,
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical Data",
        "display_averages": True,
        "order": "descending",
        "number_format": "M",
    }
})

assumptions.set_description({
    "%discount_rate": r"""
        ## Discount Rate
        
        `Discount Rate` = `Equity Weight` * `Cost of Equity` + `Debt Weight` * `Cost of Debt` * (1 - `Tax Rate`)
        
        Calculated using Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula. It represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp)
        
        ---
        
        ### Cost of Equity
        
        `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium`
        
        The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofequity.asp#mntl-sc-block_1-0-20)
        
        ---
        
        ### Cost of Debt
        
        `Cost of Debt` = `Interest Expense` / `Total Debt`
        
        The cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its debt, such as bonds and loans.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofdebt.asp)
        
        ---
        
        ### Equity & Debt Weights
        
        `Debt Weight` = `Total Debt` / (`Market Capitalization` + `Total Debt`) = 1 - `Equity Weight`
        
        The Equity Weight represents the proportion of equity-based financing (Market Capitalization), while the Debt Weight represents the proportion of debt-based financing (Total Debt).
        
        ---
        
        ### Tax Rate
        
        `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax`
        
        The overall tax rate paid by the company on its earned income.
    """,

"beta": r"""
        ## Beta
        
        Beta measures the volatility of a stock's price in relation to the overall stock market. A higher beta indicates greater price fluctuations relative to the market.
    """,

"%risk_free_rate": r"""
        ## Risk-Free Rate
        
        The risk-free rate represents the return an investor expects from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified time period. By default, it is set to the current yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.
    """,

"%tax_rate": r"""
        ## Tax Rate
        
        `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax`
        
        This is the company’s **effective tax rate**, reflecting the average rate of tax actually paid on its pre-tax earnings (including all statutory, deferred, and non-recurring items).
        
        This rate is used to adjust the after-tax cost of debt, since interest expense is tax-deductible.
        
        ## Discount Rate
        
        `Discount Rate` =  
        `Debt Weight` × `Cost of Debt` × (1 − `Tax Rate`)  
        + `Equity Weight` × `Cost of Equity`
    """,

"%market_premium": r"""
        ## Market Premium
        
        The market risk premium represents the additional return over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the risks associated with equities.
    """,

"%revenue_growth_rate": r"""
        ## Revenue Growth Rate
        
        The annual growth rate applied to projected revenue, starting from the second projection year onward.
    """,

"exit_ebitda_multiple": r"""
        ## Exit EBITDA Multiple
        
        The exit EV/EBITDA multiple used to calculate the terminal value.
    """,

"%ebitda_margin": r"""
        ## EBITDA Margin
        
        EBITDA expressed as a percentage of Revenue.
    """,

"%capital_expenditure_to_ebitda": r"""
        ## Capital Expenditure to EBITDA
        
        Capital expenditure expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.
    """,

"%operating_cash_flow_to_ebitda": r"""
        ## Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA
        
        Operating cash flow expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.
    """,

"historical_years": r"""
        ## Historical Years
        
        The number of years of historical data used to calculate averages and trends for analysis.
    """,

"projection_years": r"""
        ## Projection Years
        
        The number of years into the future for which the analysis projects financial performance and metrics.
    """,
})

print(f"End of model.")

Estimated Value

INR

Market Price INR

* Values are not guaranteed, please do your own
research before making investment decisions.

Discounted Free Cash Flow - Exit EBITDA Multiple

Discounted Free Cash Flow calculates the value of a share based on the company's estimated future Free Cash Flow figures.

Interactive Assumptions

Discount Rate Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Equity Weight` * `Cost of Equity` + `Debt Weight` * `Cost of Debt` * (1 - `Tax Rate`) Calculated using Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula. It represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt. Read More Cost of Equity `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium` The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula. Read More Cost of Debt `Cost of Debt` = `Interest Expense` / `Total Debt` The cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its debt, such as bonds and loans. Read More Equity & Debt Weights `Debt Weight` = `Total Debt` / (`Market Capitalization` + `Total Debt`) = 1 - `Equity Weight` The Equity Weight represents the proportion of equity-based financing (Market Capitalization), while the Debt Weight represents the proportion of debt-based financing (Total Debt). Tax Rate `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax` The overall tax rate paid by the company on its earned income.	%
↳ Beta Beta Beta measures the volatility of a stock's price in relation to the overall stock market. A higher beta indicates greater price fluctuations relative to the market.	#
↳ Risk Free Rate Risk-Free Rate The risk-free rate represents the return an investor expects from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified time period. By default, it is set to the current yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.	%
↳ Market Premium Market Premium The market risk premium represents the additional return over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the risks associated with equities.	%
↳ Tax Rate Tax Rate `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax` This is the company’s effective tax rate, reflecting the average rate of tax actually paid on its pre-tax earnings (including all statutory, deferred, and non-recurring items). This rate is used to adjust the after-tax cost of debt, since interest expense is tax-deductible. Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Debt Weight` × `Cost of Debt` × (1 − `Tax Rate`) + `Equity Weight` × `Cost of Equity`	%
Revenue Growth Rate Revenue Growth Rate The annual growth rate applied to projected revenue, starting from the second projection year onward.	%
Exit Ebitda Multiple Exit EBITDA Multiple The exit EV/EBITDA multiple used to calculate the terminal value.	#
Ebitda Margin EBITDA Margin EBITDA expressed as a percentage of Revenue.	%
Capital Expenditure To Ebitda Capital Expenditure to EBITDA Capital expenditure expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.	%
Operating Cash Flow To Ebitda Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA Operating cash flow expressed as a percentage of EBITDA.	%
Historical Years Historical Years The number of years of historical data used to calculate averages and trends for analysis.	#
Projection Years Projection Years The number of years into the future for which the analysis projects financial performance and metrics.	#

Results
Exit EBITDA Multiple (EV/EBITDA)	3.88
Terminal EBITDA	1,340 Bil. INR
Terminal Enterprise Value	5,201 Bil. INR
Discounted Terminal Enterprise Value	3,489 Bil. INR
Sum of Discounted Free Cash Flow	606.4 Bil. INR
Present Enterprise Value	4,095 Bil. INR
Cash and Equivalents	100.6 Bil. INR
Total Debt	956.4 Bil. INR
Present Equity Value	3,239 Bil. INR
Shares Outstanding	12.46 Bil.
Estimated Value per Share	260 INR
Yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Note	4.18%
Cost of Equity	9.91%
Equity Weight	70.4%
Cost of Debt	7.55%
Debt Weight	29.6%
Forecasted Revenue - 5 Year CAGR	5.94%
Forecasted Free Cash Flow - 5 Year CAGR	15.66%

Historical and Forecasted Data

Monetary values in INR

{"sectionId": "section-chart-1", "sectionType": "chart", "title": "Historical and Forecasted Data", "timeseries": "annual", "series": [{"label": "Revenue", "mappingKey": "income:revenue", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 1063399200000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 1174199400000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 1241096900000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 1576689900000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 1489717100000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 1564774000000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 2439591700000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 2433526900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 2291707800000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 2185425100000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 2315239350940, "oy": 2315239350940, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 2452764568385, "oy": 2452764568385, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 2598458783747, "oy": 2598458783747, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 2752807235502, "oy": 2752807235502, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 2916323985291, "oy": 2916323985291, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Operating Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "flow:operatingCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 119631900000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 108480700000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 80233900000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 253359500000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 201687200000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 443266800000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 443809900000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 216830800000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 203006700000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 235118100000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 267617127431, "oy": 267617127431, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 13.82, "og": 13.82}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 283513584800, "oy": 283513584800, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 300354291738, "oy": 300354291738, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 318195336667, "oy": 318195336667, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 337096139665, "oy": 337096139665, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "EBITDA", "mappingKey": "income:ebitda", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 455060100000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 588561400000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 587884600000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 760105900000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 659882900000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 792259100000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 1349601800000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 1022640500000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 998291900000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 978723400000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 1064084005692, "oy": 1064084005692, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 8.72, "og": 8.72}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 1127290595630, "oy": 1127290595630, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 1194251657010, "oy": 1194251657010, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 1265190205436, "oy": 1265190205436, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 1340342503639, "oy": 1340342503639, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Free Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "flow:freeCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 4773000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 31324300000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 5448900000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 162449500000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 97707200000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 373480900000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 338587900000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 75405900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 20940700000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 78412900000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 128860573089, "oy": 128860573089, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 64.34, "og": 64.34}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 136514891130, "oy": 136514891130, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 144623875663, "oy": 144623875663, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 153214533878, "oy": 153214533878, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 162315477190, "oy": 162315477190, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Capital Expenditure", "mappingKey": "positiveCapitalExpenditure", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 114858900000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 77156400000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 74785000000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 90910000000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 103980000000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 69785900000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 105222000000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 141424900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 182066000000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 156705200000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 138756554342}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 146998693670}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 155730416074}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 164980802788}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 174780662474}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": true}, {"label": "Discounted Free Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "discountedFreeCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 4773000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 31324300000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 5448900000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 162449500000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 97707200000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 373480900000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 338587900000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 75405900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 20940700000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 78412900000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 126735678897}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 123959061445}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 121216753347}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 118561048532}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 115963526829}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": true}], "editableDates": {"2026-03-31": 22, "2027-03-31": 23, "2028-03-31": 24, "2029-03-31": 25, "2030-03-31": 26}, "properties": {"display_table": true}, "width": "full"}

Edit Chart Values	2026-03-31	2027-03-31	2028-03-31	2029-03-31	2030-03-31

↳ Growth Rate

Estimated Future Data

Monetary values in INR amounts except #	2025 Mar 31	LTM Jan 14	2026 Mar 31	2027 Mar 31	2028 Mar 31	2029 Mar 31	2030 Mar 31
Revenue	2,185,425	2,212,606	2,315,239	2,452,765	2,598,459	2,752,807	2,916,324
Revenue Growth Rate	-4.64%	1.24%	5.94%	5.94%	5.94%	5.94%	5.94%
EBITDA	978,723	807,252	1,064,084	1,127,291	1,194,252	1,265,190	1,340,343
EBITDA Margin	44.78%	36.48%	45.96%	45.96%	45.96%	45.96%	45.96%
Operating Cash Flow	235,118	0	267,617	283,514	300,354	318,195	337,096
Operating Cash Flow to EBITDA	24.02%	0%	25.15%	25.15%	25.15%	25.15%	25.15%
Capital Expenditure	156,705	0	138,757	146,999	155,730	164,981	174,781
Capital Expenditure to EBITDA	16.01%	0%	13.04%	13.04%	13.04%	13.04%	13.04%
Free Cash Flow	78,413	0	128,861	136,515	144,624	153,215	162,315
Free Cash Flow to EBITDA	8.01%	0%	12.11%	12.11%	12.11%	12.11%	12.11%
Compounded Discount Rate			1.68%	10.13%	19.31%	29.23%	39.97%
Discounted Free Cash Flow	78,413	0	126,736	123,959	121,217	118,561	115,964

Historical Data

Monetary values in INR amounts except #	Average	LTM Jan 14	2025 Mar 31	2024 Mar 31	2023 Mar 31	2022 Mar 31	2021 Mar 31	2020 Mar 31	2019 Mar 31	2018 Mar 31	2017 Mar 31	2016 Mar 31
Revenue	1,788,430	2,212,606	2,185,425	2,291,708	2,433,527	2,439,592	1,564,774	1,489,717	1,576,690	1,241,097	1,174,199	1,063,399
Revenue Growth Rate	5.94%	1.24%	-4.64%	-5.83%	-0.249%	55.91%	5.04%	-5.52%	27.04%	5.7%	10.42%	-23.77%
Cost of Revenue	791,399	1,030,109	1,043,722	1,127,812	1,232,216	902,774	623,744	683,864	659,214	510,422	439,741	451,765
Gross Profit	997,032	1,182,497	1,141,703	1,163,896	1,201,310	1,536,817	941,030	805,853	917,476	730,675	734,458	611,634
Gross Margin	56.38%	53.44%	52.24%	50.79%	49.36%	62.99%	60.14%	54.09%	58.19%	58.87%	62.55%	57.52%
EBITDA	818,206	807,252	978,723	998,292	1,022,640	1,349,602	792,259	659,883	760,106	587,885	588,561	455,060
EBITDA Margin	45.96%	36.48%	44.78%	43.56%	42.02%	55.32%	50.63%	44.3%	48.21%	47.37%	50.12%	42.79%
Net Income	75,255	68,069	34,205	-44,374	87,604	401,539	74,902	15,565	102,183	134,343	-42,408	-3,828
Net Income to EBITDA	7.8%	8.43%	3.5%	-4.45%	8.57%	29.75%	9.45%	2.36%	13.44%	22.85%	-7.21%	-0.841%
Cash from Operating Activities	209,584	0	235,118	203,007	216,831	443,810	443,267	201,687	253,360	80,234	108,481	119,632
Cash from Operating Activities to EBITDA	25.15%	0%	24.02%	20.34%	21.2%	32.88%	55.95%	30.56%	33.33%	13.65%	18.43%	26.29%
Capital Expenditure	101,536	0	156,705	182,066	141,425	105,222	69,786	103,980	90,910	74,785	77,156	114,859
Capital Expenditure to EBITDA	13.04%	0%	16.01%	18.24%	13.83%	7.8%	8.81%	15.76%	11.96%	12.72%	13.11%	25.24%
Free Cash Flow	108,048	0	78,413	20,941	75,406	338,588	373,481	97,707	162,450	5,449	31,324	4,773
Free Cash Flow to EBITDA	12.11%	0%	8.01%	2.1%	7.37%	25.09%	47.14%	14.81%	21.37%	0.927%	5.32%	1.05%