Tata Steel Limited (TATASTEEL.NS) Discounted Free Cash Flow - Perpetuity

Tata Steel Limited

TATASTEEL.NS (NSE)

Valuation
Tata Steel Limited Discounted Free Cash Flow - Perpetuity

"""
    Model: Discounted Free Cash Flow - Perpetuity

# Render model description
model.render_description(r"""
## Discounted Free Cash Flow Model

Discounted Free Cash Flow calculates the value of a share based on the company's estimated future Free Cash Flow figures.

See our [GitHub Model Documentation](https://github.com/DiscountingCashFlows/Documentation/blob/main/models-documentation/discounted-free-cash-flow.md#discounted-free-cash-flow-model-source-code)
""")

# Initialize assumptions
assumptions.init({
    "data": {
        "%discount_rate": None,
        "beta": data.get("profile:beta", default=1),
        "%risk_free_rate": data.get("treasury:year10"),
        "%market_premium": data.get("risk:totalEquityRiskPremium"),
        "%tax_rate": None,
        "%growth_in_perpetuity": "2.5%",
        "historical_years": 10,
        "projection_years": 5,
        "%revenue_growth_rate": None,
        "%operating_cash_flow_margin": None,
        "%capital_expenditure_margin": None,
    },
    "hierarchies": [{
        "parent": "%discount_rate",
        "children": [
            "beta",
            "%risk_free_rate",
            "%market_premium",
            "%tax_rate"
        ]
    }]
})

# WACC Calculation
risk_free_rate = assumptions.get("%risk_free_rate")
beta = assumptions.get("beta")
market_premium = assumptions.get("%market_premium")
cost_of_equity = risk_free_rate + beta * market_premium
cost_of_debt = data.get("income:interestExpense / balance:totalDebt")
if cost_of_debt is None:
    # Use the 10-year Treasury yield instead
    cost_of_debt = data.get("treasury:year10")

tax_rate = data.get("income:incomeTaxExpense / income:incomeBeforeTax")
if tax_rate is None or tax_rate < 0:
    # Fall back to the statutory corporate rate
    tax_rate = data.get("risk:corporateTaxRate")
assumptions.set("%tax_rate", tax_rate)

market_cap = data.get("profile:price * income:weightedAverageShsOut")
debt_weight = data.get(f"balance:totalDebt / ({market_cap} + balance:totalDebt)")
if debt_weight is None:
    # Assume zero leverage if missing
    debt_weight = 0

equity_weight = 1 - debt_weight
wacc = debt_weight * cost_of_debt * (1 - assumptions.get("%tax_rate")) + equity_weight * cost_of_equity

# Set the discount rate to the WACC
assumptions.set("%discount_rate", wacc)

data.compute({
    "%operatingCashFlowMargin": "flow:operatingCashFlow / income:revenue",
    "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "-1 * flow:capitalExpenditure",
    "%capitalExpenditureMargin": "positiveCapitalExpenditure / income:revenue",
    "%grossMargin": "income:grossProfit / income:revenue",
    "%operatingMargin": "income:operatingIncome / income:revenue",
    "%netMargin": "income:netIncome / income:revenue",
    "discountedFreeCashFlow": "flow:freeCashFlow",
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
})

data.set_default_range(f"{-assumptions.get('historical_years')}->0")

assumptions.set("%revenue_growth_rate", data.average("%revenueGrowthRate"))
# Limit revenue growth rate between 0% and 25%
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%revenue_growth_rate", low=0, high="25%"
)

average_operating_cash_flow_margin = data.average("%operatingCashFlowMargin")
assumptions.set("%operating_cash_flow_margin", average_operating_cash_flow_margin)
# Limit OCF range from 0 to 100% (all revenue converted to OCF)
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%operating_cash_flow_margin", low=0, high="100%"
)

average_capital_expenditure_margin = data.average("%capitalExpenditureMargin")
assumptions.set("%capital_expenditure_margin", average_capital_expenditure_margin)

# Limit CapEx range from 0 to 90% of OCF Margin
assumptions.set_bounds(
    "%capital_expenditure_margin",
    low=0,
    high=assumptions.get("%operating_cash_flow_margin")*.9
)

data.compute({
    "income:revenue": f"""
        income:revenue:-1 * 
        (1 + {assumptions.get('%revenue_growth_rate')})
    """,
    "%revenueGrowthRate": "function:growth:income:revenue",
    "flow:operatingCashFlow": f"""
        income:revenue * 
        {assumptions.get('%operating_cash_flow_margin')}
    """,
    "computedCapitalExpenditure": f"""
        income:revenue * 
        {assumptions.get('%capital_expenditure_margin')}
    """,
    "flow:freeCashFlow": "flow:operatingCashFlow - computedCapitalExpenditure",
    "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "flow:operatingCashFlow - flow:freeCashFlow",
    "discountedFreeCashFlow": f"""
        function:discount:flow:freeCashFlow 
        rate:{assumptions.get('%discount_rate')}
        continuous:true
    """,
    # Informational computations
    "%operatingCashFlowMargin": "flow:operatingCashFlow / income:revenue",
    "%capitalExpenditureMargin": "positiveCapitalExpenditure / income:revenue",
    "%freeCashFlowMargin": "flow:freeCashFlow / income:revenue",
    "#compoundedDiscountRate": f"""
        function:compound:1
        rate:{assumptions.get('%discount_rate')} 
        continuous:true
    """,
    "%compoundedDiscountRate": "#compoundedDiscountRate - 1",
}, forecast=assumptions.get("projection_years"))

# Calculating the Terminal Value
# TV = FCF * (1 + Growth in Perpetuity) / (Discount Rate - Growth in Perpetuity)
discount_rate = assumptions.get("%discount_rate")
growth_in_perpetuity = assumptions.get("%growth_in_perpetuity")
end_year = assumptions.get("projection_years")
terminal_value = data.get(f"""
    flow:freeCashFlow:{end_year} *
    (1 + {growth_in_perpetuity}) / ({discount_rate} - {growth_in_perpetuity})
""")

# Discount the terminal value into the present
tv_discount_rate = (1 + assumptions.get("%discount_rate")) ** assumptions.get('projection_years')
discounted_terminal_value = terminal_value / tv_discount_rate

# Get the sum between current date and projection years
discounted_free_cash_flow_sum = data.sum("discountedFreeCashFlow:1->*")

# Add all Discounted FCFs and the Discounted Terminal Value to calculate the enterprise value
enterprise_value = discounted_terminal_value + discounted_free_cash_flow_sum

# Equity value is calculated by adding cash and subtracting total debt from the enterprise value
equity_value = data.get(f"{enterprise_value} + balance:cashAndShortTermInvestments -  balance:totalDebt")

stock_value = equity_value / data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut")

model.set_final_value({
    "value": stock_value,
    "units": '$'
})

fcf_5y_cagr = data.cagr(f"flow:freeCashFlow:-1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")
revenue_5y_cagr = data.cagr(f"income:revenue:-1->{assumptions.get('projection_years')}")

model.render_results([
    [terminal_value, "Terminal Value", "$"],
    [discounted_terminal_value, "Discounted Terminal Value", "$"],
    [discounted_free_cash_flow_sum, "Sum of Discounted Free Cash Flow", "$"],
    [enterprise_value, "Enterprise Value", "$"],
    [data.get("balance:cashAndCashEquivalents"), "Cash and Equivalents", "$"],
    [data.get("balance:totalDebt"), "Total Debt", "$"],
    [equity_value, "Equity Value", "$"],
    [data.get("income:weightedAverageShsOut"), "Shares Outstanding", "$"],
    [stock_value, "Estimated Value per Share", "$"],
    [data.get("treasury:year10"), "Yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Note", "%"],
    [average_operating_cash_flow_margin, "Average Cash from Operating Activities Margin", "%"],
    [average_capital_expenditure_margin, "Average Capital Expenditure Margin", "%"],
    [cost_of_equity, "Cost of Equity", "%"],
    [equity_weight, "Equity Weight", "%"],
    [cost_of_debt, "Cost of Debt", "%"],
    [debt_weight, "Debt Weight", "%"],
    [revenue_5y_cagr, "Forecasted Revenue - 5 Year CAGR", "%"],
    [fcf_5y_cagr, "Forecasted Free Cash Flow - 5 Year CAGR", "%"],
])

model.render_chart({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Operating Cash Flow",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "discountedFreeCashFlow": "Discounted Free Cash Flow"
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical Values",
        "set_editable": [
            "income:revenue",
            "flow:operatingCashFlow",
            "flow:freeCashFlow"
        ],
        "hidden_keys": [
            "positiveCapitalExpenditure",
            "discountedFreeCashFlow"
        ],
        "width": "full"
    },
})

# Forecast table
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Operating Cash Flow",
        "%operatingCashFlowMargin": "Operating Cash Flow Margin",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "%capitalExpenditureMargin": "Capital Expenditure Margin",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
        "%freeCashFlowMargin": "Free Cash Flow Margin",
        "%compoundedDiscountRate": "Compounded Discount Rate",
        "discountedFreeCashFlow": "Discounted Free Cash Flow",
    },
    "start": -1,
    "end": "*",
    "properties": {
        "title": "Forecast Data",
        "order": "ascending",
        "include_ltm": False,
        "number_format": "M",
        "width": "full"
    },
})

# Historical table
model.render_table({
    "data": {
        "income:revenue": "Revenue",
        "%revenueGrowthRate": "Revenue Growth Rate",
        "income:costOfRevenue": "Cost of Revenue",
        "income:grossProfit": "Gross Profit",
        "%grossMargin": "Gross Margin",
        "income:operatingIncome": "Operating Income",
        "%operatingMargin": "Operating Margin",
        "income:netIncome": "Net Income",
        "%netMargin": "Net Margin",
        "flow:operatingCashFlow": "Cash from Operating Activities",
        "%operatingCashFlowMargin": "Cash from Operating Activities Margin",
        "positiveCapitalExpenditure": "Capital Expenditure",
        "%capitalExpenditureMargin": "Capital Expenditure Margin",
        "flow:freeCashFlow": "Free Cash Flow",
    },
    "start": -assumptions.get("historical_years"),
    "end": 0,
    "properties": {
        "title": "Historical Data",
        "display_averages": True,
        "order": "descending",
        "number_format": "M"
    },
})

assumptions.set_description({
    "%discount_rate": r"""
        ## Discount Rate
        
        `Discount Rate` = `Equity Weight` * `Cost of Equity` + `Debt Weight` * `Cost of Debt` * (1 - `Tax Rate`)
        
        Calculated using Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula. It represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp)
        
        ---
        
        ### Cost of Equity
        
        `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium`
        
        The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofequity.asp#mntl-sc-block_1-0-20)
        
        ---
        
        ### Cost of Debt
        
        `Cost of Debt` = `Interest Expense` / `Total Debt`
        
        The cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its debt, such as bonds and loans.
        
        [Read More](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofdebt.asp)
        
        ---
        
        ### Equity & Debt Weights
        
        `Debt Weight` = `Total Debt` / (`Market Capitalization` + `Total Debt`) = 1 - `Equity Weight`
        
        The Equity Weight represents the proportion of equity-based financing (Market Capitalization), while the Debt Weight represents the proportion of debt-based financing (Total Debt).
        
        ---
        
        ### Tax Rate
        
        `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax`
        
        The overall tax rate paid by the company on its earned income.
    """,

"beta": r"""
        ## Beta
        
        Beta measures the volatility of a stock's price in relation to the overall stock market. A higher beta indicates greater price fluctuations relative to the market.
    """,

"%risk_free_rate": r"""
        ## Risk-Free Rate
        
        The risk-free rate represents the return an investor expects from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified time period. By default, it is set to the current yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.
    """,

"%tax_rate": r"""
        ## Tax Rate
        
        `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax`
        
        This is the company’s **effective tax rate**, reflecting the average rate of tax actually paid on its pre-tax earnings (including all statutory, deferred, and non-recurring items).
        
        This rate is used to adjust the after-tax cost of debt, since interest expense is tax-deductible.
        
        ## Discount Rate
        
        `Discount Rate` =  
        `Debt Weight` × `Cost of Debt` × (1 − `Tax Rate`)  
        + `Equity Weight` × `Cost of Equity`
    """,

"%market_premium": r"""
        ## Market Premium
        
        The market risk premium represents the additional return over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the risks associated with equities.
    """,

"%growth_in_perpetuity": r"""
        ## Growth in Perpetuity
        
        The rate at which the company's free cash flow is assumed to grow indefinitely. By default, this rate equals the yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.
    """,

"historical_years": r"""
        ## Historical Years
        
        The number of years of historical data used to calculate averages and trends for analysis.
    """,

"projection_years": r"""
        ## Projection Years
        
        The number of years into the future for which the analysis projects financial performance and metrics.
    """,

"%revenue_growth_rate": r"""
        ## Revenue Growth Rate
        
        The annual growth rate applied to projected revenue, starting from the second projection year onward.
    """,

"%operating_cash_flow_margin": r"""
        ## Operating Cash Flow Margin
        
        `Projected Operating Cash Flow` = `Projected Revenue` * `Operating Cash Flow Margin`
        
        This margin represents the percentage of revenue used to estimate future Operating Cash Flow.
    """,

"%capital_expenditure_margin": r"""
        ## Capital Expenditure Margin
        
        `Projected Free Cash Flow` = `Projected Operating Cash Flow` - `Projected Revenue` * `Capital Expenditure Margin`
        
        This margin is used to estimate future capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue, which in turn is subtracted from Operating Cash Flow to calculate Free Cash Flow.
    """,
})

print(f"End of model.")

Estimated Value

INR

Market Price INR

* Values are not guaranteed, please do your own
research before making investment decisions.

Discounted Free Cash Flow Model

Discounted Free Cash Flow calculates the value of a share based on the company's estimated future Free Cash Flow figures.

See our GitHub Model Documentation

Interactive Assumptions

Discount Rate Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Equity Weight` * `Cost of Equity` + `Debt Weight` * `Cost of Debt` * (1 - `Tax Rate`) Calculated using Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) formula. It represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of debt. Read More Cost of Equity `Cost of Equity` = `Risk Free Rate` + `Beta` * `Market Premium` The cost of equity is the theoretical rate of return that an equity investment should generate. It is calculated using the CAPM formula. Read More Cost of Debt `Cost of Debt` = `Interest Expense` / `Total Debt` The cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its debt, such as bonds and loans. Read More Equity & Debt Weights `Debt Weight` = `Total Debt` / (`Market Capitalization` + `Total Debt`) = 1 - `Equity Weight` The Equity Weight represents the proportion of equity-based financing (Market Capitalization), while the Debt Weight represents the proportion of debt-based financing (Total Debt). Tax Rate `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax` The overall tax rate paid by the company on its earned income.	%
↳ Beta Beta Beta measures the volatility of a stock's price in relation to the overall stock market. A higher beta indicates greater price fluctuations relative to the market.	#
↳ Risk Free Rate Risk-Free Rate The risk-free rate represents the return an investor expects from an absolutely risk-free investment over a specified time period. By default, it is set to the current yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.	%
↳ Market Premium Market Premium The market risk premium represents the additional return over the risk-free rate that investors expect for taking on the risks associated with equities.	%
↳ Tax Rate Tax Rate `Tax Rate` = `Income Tax Expense` / `Income Before Tax` This is the company’s effective tax rate, reflecting the average rate of tax actually paid on its pre-tax earnings (including all statutory, deferred, and non-recurring items). This rate is used to adjust the after-tax cost of debt, since interest expense is tax-deductible. Discount Rate `Discount Rate` = `Debt Weight` × `Cost of Debt` × (1 − `Tax Rate`) + `Equity Weight` × `Cost of Equity`	%
Growth In Perpetuity Growth in Perpetuity The rate at which the company's free cash flow is assumed to grow indefinitely. By default, this rate equals the yield of the U.S. 10-Year Treasury Bond.	%
Historical Years Historical Years The number of years of historical data used to calculate averages and trends for analysis.	#
Projection Years Projection Years The number of years into the future for which the analysis projects financial performance and metrics.	#
Revenue Growth Rate Revenue Growth Rate The annual growth rate applied to projected revenue, starting from the second projection year onward.	%
Operating Cash Flow Margin Operating Cash Flow Margin `Projected Operating Cash Flow` = `Projected Revenue` * `Operating Cash Flow Margin` This margin represents the percentage of revenue used to estimate future Operating Cash Flow.	%
Capital Expenditure Margin Capital Expenditure Margin `Projected Free Cash Flow` = `Projected Operating Cash Flow` - `Projected Revenue` * `Capital Expenditure Margin` This margin is used to estimate future capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue, which in turn is subtracted from Operating Cash Flow to calculate Free Cash Flow.	%

Results
Terminal Value	3,072 Bil. INR
Discounted Terminal Value	2,061 Bil. INR
Sum of Discounted Free Cash Flow	650.9 Bil. INR
Enterprise Value	2,712 Bil. INR
Cash and Equivalents	66.95 Bil. INR
Total Debt	956.4 Bil. INR
Equity Value	1,856 Bil. INR
Shares Outstanding	12.46 Bil. INR
Estimated Value per Share	149 INR
Yield of the U.S. 10 Year Treasury Note	4.18%
Average Cash from Operating Activities Margin	11.96%
Average Capital Expenditure Margin	5.99%
Cost of Equity	9.91%
Equity Weight	70.4%
Cost of Debt	7.55%
Debt Weight	29.6%
Forecasted Revenue - 5 Year CAGR	5.94%
Forecasted Free Cash Flow - 5 Year CAGR	17.31%

Historical Values

Monetary values in INR

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"2025-03-31", "y": 235118100000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 276902626372, "oy": 276902626372, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 17.77, "og": 17.77}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 293350642378, "oy": 293350642378, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 310775670536, "oy": 310775670536, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 329235745366, "oy": 329235745366, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 348792348640, "oy": 348792348640, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Free Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "flow:freeCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 4773000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 31324300000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 5448900000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 162449500000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 97707200000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 373480900000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 338587900000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 75405900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 20940700000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 78412900000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 138312398825, "oy": 138312398825, "e": true, "d": 2026, "g": 76.39, "og": 76.39}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 146528155315, "oy": 146528155315, "e": true, "d": 2027, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 155231927741, "oy": 155231927741, "e": true, "d": 2028, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 164452704248, "oy": 164452704248, "e": true, "d": 2029, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 174221194881, "oy": 174221194881, "e": true, "d": 2030, "g": 5.94, "og": 5.94}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": false}, {"label": "Capital Expenditure", "mappingKey": "positiveCapitalExpenditure", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 114858900000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 77156400000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 74785000000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 90910000000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 103980000000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 69785900000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 105222000000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 141424900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 182066000000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 156705200000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 138590227547}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 146822487063}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 155543742795}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 164783041117}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 174571153759}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": true}, {"label": "Discounted Free Cash Flow", "mappingKey": "discountedFreeCashFlow", "data": [{"l": "2016", "x": "2016-03-31", "y": 4773000000}, {"l": "2017", "x": "2017-03-31", "y": 31324300000}, {"l": "2018", "x": "2018-03-31", "y": 5448900000}, {"l": "2019", "x": "2019-03-31", "y": 162449500000}, {"l": "2020", "x": "2020-03-31", "y": 97707200000}, {"l": "2021", "x": "2021-03-31", "y": 373480900000}, {"l": "2022", "x": "2022-03-31", "y": 338587900000}, {"l": "2023", "x": "2023-03-31", "y": 75405900000}, {"l": "2024", "x": "2024-03-31", "y": 20940700000}, {"l": "2025", "x": "2025-03-31", "y": 78412900000}, {"l": "2026", "x": "2026-03-31", "y": 136031645248}, {"l": "2027", "x": "2027-03-31", "y": 133051365003}, {"l": "2028", "x": "2028-03-31", "y": 130107910677}, {"l": "2029", "x": "2029-03-31", "y": 127257411918}, {"l": "2030", "x": "2030-03-31", "y": 124469363960}], "dataType": ".", "displayAs": "line", "dataTimeseries": "annual", "hidden": true}], "editableDates": {"2026-03-31": 22, "2027-03-31": 23, "2028-03-31": 24, "2029-03-31": 25, "2030-03-31": 26}, "properties": {"display_table": true}, "width": "full"}

Edit Chart Values	2026-03-31	2027-03-31	2028-03-31	2029-03-31	2030-03-31

↳ Growth Rate

Forecast Data

Monetary values in INR amounts except #	2025 Mar 31	2026 Mar 31	2027 Mar 31	2028 Mar 31	2029 Mar 31	2030 Mar 31
Revenue	2,185,425	2,315,239	2,452,765	2,598,459	2,752,807	2,916,324
Revenue Growth Rate	-4.64%	5.94%	5.94%	5.94%	5.94%	5.94%
Operating Cash Flow	235,118	276,903	293,351	310,776	329,236	348,792
Operating Cash Flow Margin	10.76%	11.96%	11.96%	11.96%	11.96%	11.96%
Capital Expenditure	156,705	138,590	146,822	155,544	164,783	174,571
Capital Expenditure Margin	7.17%	5.99%	5.99%	5.99%	5.99%	5.99%
Free Cash Flow	78,413	138,312	146,528	155,232	164,453	174,221
Free Cash Flow Margin	3.59%	5.97%	5.97%	5.97%	5.97%	5.97%
Compounded Discount Rate		1.68%	10.13%	19.31%	29.23%	39.97%
Discounted Free Cash Flow	78,413	136,032	133,051	130,108	127,257	124,469

Historical Data

Monetary values in INR amounts except #	Average	LTM Jan 14	2025 Mar 31	2024 Mar 31	2023 Mar 31	2022 Mar 31	2021 Mar 31	2020 Mar 31	2019 Mar 31	2018 Mar 31	2017 Mar 31	2016 Mar 31
Revenue	1,788,430	2,212,606	2,185,425	2,291,708	2,433,527	2,439,592	1,564,774	1,489,717	1,576,690	1,241,097	1,174,199	1,063,399
Revenue Growth Rate	5.94%	1.24%	-4.64%	-5.83%	-0.249%	55.91%	5.04%	-5.52%	27.04%	5.7%	10.42%	-23.77%
Cost of Revenue	791,399	1,030,109	1,043,722	1,127,812	1,232,216	902,774	623,744	683,864	659,214	510,422	439,741	451,765
Gross Profit	997,032	1,182,497	1,141,703	1,163,896	1,201,310	1,536,817	941,030	805,853	917,476	730,675	734,458	611,634
Gross Margin	56.38%	53.44%	52.24%	50.79%	49.36%	62.99%	60.14%	54.09%	58.19%	58.87%	62.55%	57.52%
Operating Income	741,508	708,531	883,653	909,272	939,293	1,269,619	712,074	583,075	686,688	530,468	531,833	402,087
Operating Margin	41.53%	32.02%	40.43%	39.68%	38.6%	52.04%	45.51%	39.14%	43.55%	42.74%	45.29%	37.81%
Net Income	75,255	68,069	34,205	-44,374	87,604	401,539	74,902	15,565	102,183	134,343	-42,408	-3,828
Net Margin	3.81%	3.08%	1.57%	-1.94%	3.6%	16.46%	4.79%	1.04%	6.48%	10.82%	-3.61%	-0.36%
Cash from Operating Activities	209,584	0	235,118	203,007	216,831	443,810	443,267	201,687	253,360	80,234	108,481	119,632
Cash from Operating Activities Margin	11.96%	0%	10.76%	8.86%	8.91%	18.19%	28.33%	13.54%	16.07%	6.46%	9.24%	11.25%
Capital Expenditure	101,536	0	156,705	182,066	141,425	105,222	69,786	103,980	90,910	74,785	77,156	114,859
Capital Expenditure Margin	5.99%	0%	7.17%	7.95%	5.81%	4.31%	4.46%	6.98%	5.77%	6.03%	6.57%	10.8%
Free Cash Flow	108,048	0	78,413	20,941	75,406	338,588	373,481	97,707	162,450	5,449	31,324	4,773